Causes And Effects Of Oil Extraction - 1479 Words

Leakage in hydrocarbon reservoir refers to the migration of petroleum fluids from one reservoir to either another reservoir or outside the tank via permeability that the faults create underground. The fault is a crack in the Earth’s crust usually from the plate tectonic movement. The Earth’s crust consists of large rocks that are always on a progressive movement since they hang on a liquid mantle that exists in the center of the Earth. Accumulation of excess pressure underneath may cause sudden changes in the land crust leading to shear, tension, or compression on the crust. Such forces result into faults in the reservoir, thus, allowing the hydrocarbon fluids to move from the pool (Hawkes, McLellan, and Bachu 1). Other causes of petroleum reservoir leakage may include poor drilling techniques during oil extraction. Some loopholes may occur during drilling of oil either due to poor drilling techniques or maybe when the pressure in the reservoir was too high to the geological predictions in the tank. Faulty drilling may lead to leakage of petroleum from reservoir, thus, causing losses. Excessive leakage may result in considerable economic losses to the investors since the return would be below the projection. Some leakages may lead to complete migration of hydrocarbon from the oil wells, therefore, leaving the wells dry with no oils. The numerous leaks in the oil reservoirs have threatened the oil manufacturing industries. The manufacturing sectors do find themselvesShow MoreRelatedEssential Oils : Natural Products1554 Words   |  7 PagesEssential oils are natural products formed in aromatic plants which are characterized by unique features of odor and flavor for their own benefits such as protection or attraction (7). The oils are accumulated in cells, located in tiny secretory structures or in glandular hairs of the plant. The interior of the stomatal cells is typically the location of where the essential oils are found. While they are located within the plant, essential oils are continuously altering their chemical compositionRead MoreHow The Constant Drilling For Oil And Extraction Of Minerals1672 Words   |  7 PagesFurthermore, In â€Å"Oil Extraction and Indigenous Livelihoods in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon† the article speaks about how the constant drilling for oil and extraction of minerals, constantly penetrates into the lives of indigenous people, undermining their lives and well being. This article proves my point that by the constant need to destroy our planet by extracting oil, the lives of those around it are being affected. 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The Amazon is home to many natural resources due to its vegetation that continuously recycles carbon dioxide into oxygen. Some of the world s most promising oil and gas deposits lie deep in the tropical rainforests, especially in the Western AmazonRead MoreCanada s Reluctance Of Fight Climate Change1469 Words   |  6 Pagesgave a cold shoulder to environmental concerns in its 2014 budget. However, what has become clear in the last few years is that Canada is not committed to fighting climate change. In truth, it is not Canada that is uncommitted to the clim ate change cause. It is its Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, who is blocking all efforts to put Canada at the forefront of climate change efforts . And Canada should be leading climate change initiatives because it is one of the largest emitters in the world, and itRead MoreShould The Usage Of Non Renewable Source Of Energy Decrease?1241 Words   |  5 Pagesexhausted completely such as fossils fuels and nuclear power. 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However, oil sands development over the years has shown harmful effects on the health of the communities in Alberta

Financial Editor Adam O Daniel Reported On The Charlotte...

Financial Editor Adam O’Daniel reported on the Charlotte Business Journal about Prudential pulling a Retirement Challenge stunt at the NASCAR Hall of Fame Courtyard in Charlotte, N.C. â€Å"The company toppled a 30-foot-tall domino stone, beginning with just a normal-size domino, to illustrate the long-term outcome of systematic retirement investing. The stunt involved Harvard professor and best-selling author Dan Gilbert asking bystanders how much money they had in their pockets. He then calculated how much that amount, $45 in one example, would grow into if saved on a weekly or monthly basis. ‘We are our own worst enemy when it comes to saving,’ Prudential VP of Advertising Colin McConnell told me before the dominos fell. ‘We have this†¦show more content†¦It may seem small at first (just like that micro domino), but your tiny investment now has the potential to grow into an unstoppable force over time. You may be setting aside money regularly in a savings or checking account; however, with those traditionally low interest rates you may as well be tossing your dominos in a bag instead of setting them up for increasingly bigger returns. For example if you started with an initial principal of investment of just $5,000 with an average return of 7%, and didn’t put in any more over the course of 35 years – your investment would be worth over $57,000. That’s without you lifting a finger – that’s making your money work for you.† http://relianceretirement.com/the-domino-effect-make-your-retirement-investment-work-for-you/ A report by Nanci Hellmich on USAtoday.com offers some insights. â€Å"Saving aggressively for retirement doesn’t mean you have to live on canned beans and sawdust.† It s easy to make small changes that will make a big difference in your retirement savings, say financial experts Lynnette Khalfani-Cox, founder of AskTheMoneyCoach.com and author of Zero Debt : The Ultimate Guide to Financial Freedom, and Elli Dai, director of participant services for Wells Fargo Institutional Retirement and Trust. Recent statistics highlight the need for some

Class Project on San Diego Police Department Free Essays

Police Departments of different cities are undergoing a transition. Police department and their operations, hierarchy design, and strategies are becoming increasingly similar to that of other commercial organizations. Police Departments today operate with a sense of direction, a mission that is broken down into objectives and achievable goals that must be met in order to rank the mission of the department as a success. We will write a custom essay sample on Class Project on San Diego Police Department or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, it will not be incorrect to compare police departments to business organizations functioning within the society About San Diego Police Department The police department of San Diego is one of the most efficient police departments from across the country. The department is also amongst the pioneers in implementing strategies that have won the country the edge in the fight against crime. These strategies include implementation of an Information Technology infrastructure and programs such as ‘Community Oriented Policing’. The San Diego Police Department has a strength of over two-thousand-six-hundred personnel. This strength consists of officers that are sworn, as well as other that are civilians. These personnel function conjointly towards accomplishing the mission of the police department. These personnel are further divided into eight divisions: Field Operations, Special Operations, Neighborhood Policing, Training and Development, Office of Administration, Personnel Services, Professional Responsibility, and Support Services. All these departments function under the assistant chief, except for the Personnel Services which functions under a civilian personnel director. (Decker, Cordner, Ward, 1999) The department has been a leader in trying new strategies for implementing effective criminal justice routines. The department works closely with the community and encourages the society to participate and coordinate with the fight to make the city free of crime. The ‘Community Oriented Policing’ and ‘Problem Oriented Policing’ are two such programs that bring the community and the department together in the fight against crime. Further, the department has also implemented Information Technology as a strategy for efficient crime reporting and monitoring The aforementioned strategies have yield promising results for the San Diego Police Department. The crime rate has considerably declined in the city and is continues to drop. The crime statistics of the year 1997 show that fewer homicides, murders, violent crimes, property crimes and burglaries have taken place that year as compared to 1978 (Decker, Cordner, Ward, 1999). However, this existing crime rates are still quite high for the United States. The San Diego Police Department has therefore the responsibility to sustain the comparative low crime rates and try to reduce these statistics even further. This cannot be achieved without efficient strategy planning of department’s resources. Following is a study and analysis of the San Diego Police Department. The various aspects of the operations of the department are studied, analyzed, and based on these a strategy plan is devised for sustainability in operation of the department. San Diego Police Department’s Mission The department envisions cohesion of efforts of various entities in the society, aimed at improving the lives of the inhabitants of San Diego. The collaborative work is one of the most stresses attributes of the police department’s mission. This collaboration includes entities such as â€Å"communities, government agencies, private groups and individuals† (The City of San Diego Web Site, 2002) that share the same vision as the San Diego Police Department, i. e. fighting crime and improving the quality of life in San Diego. The attributes of the mission statement are the values that the San Diego Police Department tends to use to accomplish its mission. These values are representative of the spirit, and are the basis of the policies of the police department’s mission. San Diego’s Web Site (2002) lists some of the core values of their police department, rating protection of human beings as one of the highest priority values. This is significant for any police department as the primary reason for establishment of peace, law and order systems is protection of human life. The value deserves to be at top priority as a lack of value suggests taking for granted the objective of the department’s motif for existence. The implementation of ethical policing follows in the list of values. The reason for giving ethics a high importance is crucial for the acceptance of the police department by the people it is established for. There are many issues surrounding execution of duties of the police force and officers, ethics being one of them. It is not fiction but a fact that a police subculture has established itself within the officers which sometimes provides for officers to carry out unethical practices or misuse of authority. The public shows its concern for such unethical practices implemented by law enforcers themselves. Therefore, the implementation of ethics in particular and mention of it that high in the mission statement of the police department is strategically intended to ward off bad attention. Units in the San Diego Police Department The police department has been organized into several different units based on nature of function or crime. This helps organization of resources as well as represents the image of a well-organized/equipped police department. The different units operating in SDPD are: Air Support Unit, Armory – SWAT, Background Investigations, Canine Unit, Child Abuse, Communications, Crime Analysis, Criminal Intelligence, Crisis Intervention, Data Systems, Domestic Violence Unit, Elder Abuse, Equal Employment Opportunities (EEO), Field Training Officer Administration (FTO), Financial Crimes, Gang Detail, Harbor Patrol, Homicide, Internal Affairs, Juvenile Administration, Laboratory, Legal Advisors, Metro Arson Strike Team (MAST), Media Relations, Mounted Enforcement Unit, Narcotics, Neighborhood Policing, Permits Licensing (Vice Administration), Personnel, Psychological Services, Records, Recruitment, Robbery, School Task Force, Sex Crimes, Special Investigations, SWAT/SRT (Special Response Team) and Vice Operations. The City of San Diego Web Site, 2003) Critical Success Factors of San Diego’s Department of Police The success of the Police Department in accomplishing and maintaining the mission objective in the community can be contributes to various factors. Some of these factors can be outline to be critical for the success of department, without which the SDPD could not have realized their mission objectives. These factors are summed up and briefly outlined here as the critical success factors for SDPD. Well-defined Strategy The reason why San Diego Police Department has been recognized as one of the leading police departments in controlling crime is that the department has well-defined strategic objectives. The objectives are responsible for focusing the resources of the organization in an organized manner, towards attaining the mission objectives of the department. Setting up a well-defined strategy for a criminal justice unit is rather a new concept in criminal justice administration as usually these departments just focus resources in an unpremeditated manner towards the customary objective of reducing crime. However, the strategy of the SDPD is different. The police department has laid down a definition of more than one goal and further strategically channelled their resources towards realizing these goals. An instance of such a strategy is the department’s awareness about different approaches towards criminal justice, such as the ‘problem-oriented policing’ strategy or integrating the community in the fight against crime in the neighborhood. Training of Human Resource  The shift away from the conventional means of operations brings forth the need to train the human resource of any organization to accustom it to the new strategy. Not only would a new strategy introduce new processes for conducting conventional operations, but it may also introduce new tools (such as Information Technology tools, including software and hardware) that are intended to enhance the efficiency of the human resource. San Diego Police Department faced the same circumstances where the introduction of a strategy enticed the need for human resource training. Eventually, the proper and trained use of strategies and tools led to efficient operations and increased productivity of the police department which was unprecedented. Besides the consideration of training with a changing information technology infrastructure, officers at the police department have to undergo extensive training from the police academy before they can start performing their duties in SDPD. A focus of ethical grooming is also maintained during this course of training. This helps realize and implement the value of the San Diego police department to use ethical policing when serving the community. The officers undergo comprehensive training in the police academy which prepares them not only to ‘serve and protect’ but to efficiently implement policing according to the strategy that is implemented at SDPD. Use of Information Technology The introduction of Information technology tools is one important development for crediting the success of the mission at SDPD. Conventional policing shows less use of high tech tool for attaining criminal justice objectives, but with the advancement in technology the role information technology tools play has become a crucial success factor of policing. San Diego Police Department has been one police departments that accredits it success to the use of Information technology tools, including software, hardware and processes. The department has segregated the use of Information technology in various units and systems. The New Technology Unit (NTU) is one such unit which is headed by a sergeant and staffed by patrol officers. Each individual involved in the integration of technology in policing is thoroughly trained, committed and knowledgeable about the use of this technology. The information technology infrastructure is used for a range of operations. This includes activities from installation of software of laptop machines to the use of Automated Field Reporting (AFR) devices. (The City of San Diego Web Site, 2003; Decker, Cordner, Ward, 1999) Information Technology helps improve the efficiency of operations of the San Diego Police Department in various ways. For instance, the patrol officers can electronically transfer information from their remote locations to the central information system regarding criminal activity or general reports. Financial Situation Finances are the backbone of the any organization as refining the state of the community comes at a cost which must be met. Finances help any organization buy and employ resources towards a definite objective. Similarly San Diego Police Department has the primary objective of making the city a secure place by protecting them and further improving their quality of life. In order to realize these (and many other) objectives for the mission of the police department, the department needs finances. Once finances have been obtained, which is further required is the proper and efficient management of these finances in order to get the maximum out a limited finances. Budgeting is used by SDPD to plan its finances most effectively. The major part of the budget is used to cover personnel expenses. This shows the worth and its expected reliance on the human resource for the success of the mission of the department. Like any other organization, monetary benefits are used to keep the human resource motivated. When the major portion of the budgeted amount is spent on salaries, the remaining amount is still a hefty lot for the police department to plan investment in information technology and other nfrastructure – efforts aimed at improving the efficiency of SDPD. (The City of San Diego Web Site, 2003; Decker, Cordner, Ward, 1999) The primary sources for the finances made available to the San Diego Police Department are five, namely: Property Tax, Sales Tax, Transient Occupancy Tax (TOT), Motor Vehicle License Fee (MVLF) and Franchise Fee. As the financial resource of SDPD depends on the City’s General Fund, they are generally sensitive to political and economic stimuli coming from either local, state or national levels. Organizational Design Strategy The organizational hierarchy is clearly listed at the San Diego Police Department Web Site (2003). The organizational hierarchy shows the structure of the police department and the chain of command can be conveniently analyzed. An analysis of the organizational chart reveals that the department is arranged in a way of a business organization with the Chief of Police as the CEO, and the managers take places lower in the hierarchy. So much so that the organizational chart is also labeled as â€Å"San Diego Police Business Center†. The organizational hierarchy is top down, however possesses horizontal attributes, which make communication between individuals working at the same level (horizontal communication) and also across departments. Vertical communication however is not favorable in the top-down hierarchy. Further analysis of the organizational chart of the San Diego Police Department reveals that the department intends to implement a central control over other departments / entities working lower in the hierarchy. This organizational design will be helpful in enforcing strict monitoring and accountability of entities lower in the hierarchy. Such an organizational design, therefore, is used to implement effective programs and reduce the relaxation/room for errors for entities as activities are reported to entities higher up in the hierarchy design. This is one strategy that is used to accomplish the mission of ethical policing at all levels within the department. It is safe to suggest that the organizational design of the San Diego Police Department compliments its ethical policing objective. Strategic Plan for San Diego Police Department The aforementioned analysis has laid the foundation to devise a strategic plan for the San Diego police department for the coming years. The analysis of the department’s mission, critical success factors, financial situation and organizational design strategy are the groundwork for a smart strategic plan for the department, which would otherwise not be feasible without these analyses. The following is a suggested strategic plan for the San Diego Police Department including justification for each strategy suggested. Strategic Design for SDPD The analysis of the organizational design reveals a hierarchy with strict and inflexible structure. This organizational design might be appropriate for implementation of ethical policing and complimenting strict measures of control within the department, however the organizational design conflicts with an important aspect within any organization, i. e. communication. The design strategy hinders communications within different departments at different levels of the hierarchy. The design strategy suggests to the community that officers and entities placed lower in the hierarchy will be the interface for dealing with the department, whereas entities higher in the hierarchy depict not much interaction with the public. It is important to mention here the expectancy of the public to have transparent execution of services as it is the public’s money which is the source for funding the police department. Therefore, what the San Diego Police Department needs is an organizational design that fosters communication with all the entities involved in policing, however one that also implements a strict control for implementing ethical policing without hindrance. This can be implemented with a new, lean organizational design. Contingent Strategy for SDPD As analyzed earlier, the financial strategy of the San Diego Police Department is susceptible to economic and political fluctuations on the local, state or national level. This susceptibility poses a threat to the sustainability of operations of the police department by exhibiting dependence on these factors. The department needs to device a financial management strategy to provide when in difficult times such as those that may not cause disruption of work. This means that an alternative source for generation of funds must be established or sought out by the San Diego Police Department that can cater to the financial needs of the department when other currently implemented sources are not available. Conclusion The San Diego Police Department has implemented quite a few strategies to minimize crime in the city. Nevertheless SDPD must implement further strategic measures for sustainability of its mission of fighting crime. How to cite Class Project on San Diego Police Department, Essay examples

Statistics and Business Research Systems and Methods

Question: Discuss about the Statistics and Business Research Systems and Methods. Answer: Introduction: The restaurant and caf business is very popular business in Australia. The capital city of Sydney has a lot of restaurants and coffee shops(Yen et al. 2015). Rockpool bar and Grill, Eleven Street are a few top restaurants in Sydney operating for many years(Dalbor, Hua and Andrew 2014). A number of new restaurants coming up in the recent years like Hubert, Bolonomo, No. 1 Bent Street(Moore 2015). The business in this sector of the country has been improved by 0.4% in the year 2012(Alonso and Krajsic 2014). In this assignment, the growth of restaurant business in the capital city and the impact of such growth on the economy of the country are being studied. An outline idea about the methods of data collection and the analysis of the data is being studied. The possible interpretation of the results of the data is also given in the assignment. Problem statement: The problem statement of this research work is to identify the changes in restaurant and coffee business in Sydney city and the impact of such growth. Research aim: The aim of the research work is to investigate the change in restaurant business in the country and the factors affecting such growth. Research objective: The objective of the research work is as follows: To identify the changes in restaurant and coffee shop business in Australia. To determine the impact of such change in the economy of the country. Research questions: The main questions asked in this research work are: What is the rate of growth of restaurant business in Sydney? What are the factors that have contributed to the changes in the restaurant business? What impact do the current changes in the restaurant business have in the economy? Literature review: Sydney has a lot of restaurants and caf. The capital city of the country is one of the major tourist spot and is visited by tourist worldwide(Batra et al. 2013). The restaurants are located along the Bay. A lot of new restaurants are coming up nowadays like Hubert, Yellow, No. 1 Bent Street, The Paddington, Missy French(Lee ,Sardeshmukh and Hallak 2016). Each of the restaurants specializes in different types of foods. A lot of restaurant specializes in multi cusine food(Batra et al. 2013). The restaurants besides serving high quality food also take care of service and hospitality. There is great variety of food prepared by professional chiefs. Most of the restaurants are located along the Bay(Owens and Baqir 2014). A great view of the Sydney harbor can be obtained from the restaurants. This feature attracts a lot of tourists and vistors in the restaurants. The top restaurants like Rockpool, Circular Quay and Bennelong receive a lot of customers because of the location(Lee Sardeshmukh and Hallak 2016). These restaurants form one of the major sources of income in Sydney. A lot of people are employed in this industry .The new generation of the country is attracted towards this business. The students also take up subjects of hotel management and hospitality management to get employment in this industry. The industry has been making rapid growth in the current days(Williams 2014). The restaurants nowadays have adopted modern technology for its customers. New mobile app has been developed that helps to order food online. This has helped in the growth of both IT business and restaurant business(Owens and Baqir 2014). The setting up of restaurant business is easy in the city of Sydney. A few steps need to be followed to set up a small restaurant business in the city(Morrison, J.H., Bell, G. and Lee, A., 2013). One needs to find a proper location, made arrange for the required equipments and get necessary permissions to open restaurant businesss in the city. The growth of the business has helped in the employment of the larger section of the society thereby helping in economic development(Robertson 2016.). Variables and hypotheses: The variables involved in the research study are the number of restaurants in the city, number of people employed in the restaurants, prices of foods in such restaurants, number of customers in the restaurants. The variables like prices of foods in the restaurants determine the number of customers in the restaurant. Therefore, in this assignment, number of customers in the restaurants is taken as dependent variable and prices of foods as independent variable. The number of restaurant and number of people employed in the restaurant depends on number of people in the restaurant. The hypothesis involved in the study is as follows: H01: The restaurant business in the Sydney city has not made any change. H11: The restaurant business in the Sydney city has made a change. Operational definition and measurements: The problem in this research work is to determine the changes brought about in the restaurant business in the city of Sydney in the current year and the impact of such changes in the economy of the country. The changes brought about in the restaurant business are measured in terms of operating income or profit generated by the restaurants. A comparative study of few years figures will determine the changes brought about in the industry. The prices of foods are calculated in Australian Dollars. The number of peoples employed in the restaurants will be obtained from the owners or workers in the restaurants. The data is collected with the help of questionnaire. Research methodology and design: The research is carried out with the help of primary data. The primary data will be collected from various restaurants of the city. The data is collected with the help of research questionaire. The questionaire is to be given to the people employed in the restaurants. The restaurants in the city can be classified into two types- the restaurants that has been operating for long time like Rockpool bar and new coming restaurants like Hubert, Bolomo . There is a lot of restaurant in city. Restaurant in different parts of the city should be evenly covered. For this purpose, the entire city can be divided into several clusters according to regions and data can be collected from those clusters. In case of this research study, no constraints are being involved. The data collected will be analyzed with the help of various descriptive statistics measures such as measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. Regression analysis will help to estimate the dependence among the variables . A time series analysis will help to forecast the future values of the business. Methodology: Data collection: The data collected for the purpose of the research work is primary data. The data about prices of food, number of people working in the restaurants and cafes, number of customers per day in the restaurants, the average profit in the restaurant are available with the help of the questionaire. The city contains a number of restaurants. All the restaurants in the city should be evenly covered. For this purpose the city should be divided into different clusters according to region. The data will be collected with the help of cluster sampling. The regions represent the first stage cluster units and the restaurants in the regions second stage cluster units. This method of data collection is less time consuming and less costly. A better coverage could be achieved with the help of this method of data collection. Data analysis: The data so collected can be analyzed with the help of various data collection methods. The methods of descriptive statistics like the central tendency and dispersion methods can be used to determine the changes brought about in the restaurant and caf business. The differences in the average value and median value will indicate the changes brought about in the current periods. Regression analysis can be done to determine the dependence of various factors among themselves. A linear regression can be fitted by taking prices of food as independent variable and number of customers as dependent variable. A significant value of the regression coefficient will indicate that the prices of food determine the customers. On the other hand a value equivalent to zero will indicate the price of food has no effect on the number of customers. The number of people employed is dependent on number of customers. A separate regression line can be fitted for that. The prospect of the business can be measu red with the help of profit or operating income. A time series analysis of the figures of profit will determine the growth of the business. The future values of the business can be forecasted with the help of time series analysis of the profit figures. Conclusion: In this assignment, the growth of restaurant business in Sydney is being studied. An outline idea about the methods of data collection and analysis of the data is gien in this assignment. The possible interpretation of the results of the analysis is also given in the assignment. This assignment will help the people of the country and concerned authorities to take a deeper look into the restaurant business and take necessary steps to improve the condition of the business. This is one of the leading businesses in the city and employs a lot of people. Improvement of the business will form a major source of income in the city and thereby improving the condition of the economy. Referrences Alonso, A.D. and Krajsic, V., 2014. Cost management and small restaurant businesses: a complex balance and the role of management.International Journal of Revenue Management,8(1), pp.1-19. Batra, S., Cross, R., Gabler, N., Gerdes, A., Pedigo, S. and Zeng, Y., 2013. Greening the Built Environment in Dallas.Urban Sustainability Programs: Case Studies, p.35. Dalbor, M., Hua, N. and Andrew, W., 2014. Factors that Impact Unsystematic Risk in the US Restaurant Industry.The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management,22(2), pp.89-96. Duarte Alonso, A. and Krajsic, V., 2014. Cost management and small restaurant businesses: A complex balance and the role of management. Lee, C., Hallak, R. and Sardeshmukh, S.R., 2016. Drivers of success in independent restaurants: A study of the Australian restaurant sector.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,29, pp.99-111. Lee, C., Sardeshmukh, S.R. and Hallak, R., 2016. A qualitative study of innovation in the restaurant industry.Anatolia, pp.1-10. Moore, C., 2015. NO SOUP FOR YOU!. Morrison, J.H., Bell, G. and Lee, A., 2013. Chinese Migration To The Maritimes: The Early Years, 1890-1947.Journal of the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society,16, p.69. Owens, E. and Baqir, N., 2014. An Interview With William C. Moreland: Operations Manager for Restaurant Systems Micros-Fidelio, Sydney, Australia.Journal of Global Information Technology Management,17(2), pp.139-143. Robertson, S., 2016. Student-workers and tourist-workers as urban labour: temporalities and identities in the Australian cosmopolitan city.Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, pp.1-17. Williams, E., 2014. Great places to do the deal over a good meal.Management Today, (Apr 2014), p.40. Yen, B.T., Burke, M., Ghafoor, M., Mulley, C. and Moutou, C., 2015, September. Do restaurant precincts need more parking? Differences in business perceptions and customer travel behaviour in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF), 37th, 2015, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Baking Powder Versus Baking Soda

Baking Powder Versus Baking Soda Are you planning some holiday baking? If so, you can use your knowledge of kitchen chemistry to save a trip to the store if you run out of ingredients. One substitution that can be confusing is whether or not you can use baking powder and baking soda interchangeably. Both baking powder and baking soda are used to help baked goods rise, but they arent the same chemicals. The Deal With Baking Soda Baking soda is sodium bicarbonate. If you dont have baking soda, you can use baking powder, but you will need to add about twice as much because baking powder contains baking soda, but it also contains other ingredients. This substitution may affect the flavor of the food, not necessarily in a negative way. If the recipe calls for salt (sodium chloride), you may want to use slightly less. The Deal With Baking Powder Baking powder is sodium bicarbonate and potassium bitartrate. If you dont have baking powder, you cant substitute baking soda, but you can make baking powder using two parts cream of tartar and one part baking soda. For example, two teaspoons of cream of tartar plus one teaspoon of baking soda would give you three teaspoons of baking powder. Unless the recipes states otherwise, begin baking as soon as you have finished mixing the ingredients, since the chemical reaction that causes the rising starts as soon as wet and dry ingredients are mixed. Tell me more...

Leading Change in the Workplace Essay Example

Leading Change in the Workplace Essay Example Leading Change in the Workplace Paper Leading Change in the Workplace Paper Leading change in the workplace begins with effective leadership. As strong leadership is a common topic in many of todays organizations, it is important to understand the difference between the roles of a manager and a leader. Managers are appointed to supervise and direct tasks within a specific process and its desired results. Hence, managers are put into place to manage a system that is already in place. As changes come about in the workplace, organizations must recognize employees need for change along with their individual needs in the workplace. What distinguishes a leader from a manager is their concern with the organization, the individuals within the processes of the organization, and the vision for the advancement of the organization (Okoro, 2012). Leaders have a vision that maximizes the potential for the organization while upholding the needs for the employees and individuals with interests within the operation and its output. Communicating this vision is the most important skill for a leader to be effective. People in the workplace must feel inspired by the leader and their vision and they must also be motivated by them. Leadership is essential to the workplace as it changes with new generations entering the workforce. Employees need to feel stimulated, important, and challenged by their work while having fun and enjoying their time in the workplace (Frost, 2001). Changes within an organization are important for the organization to keep its competitive edge and grow while meeting the needs of customers and attracting new customers. Technology, customer needs, economy can spark changes within an organization, and growth potential are a few reasons for changes within an organization. Customers’ needs are constantly changing and there is always a demand for newer, innovative products and services. This can be provoked by a thriving economy that could force a company to expand its offerings, and possibly its operating facility (Smith, 2011). These uncontrollable combinations of demands provide growth opportunities for any organization. There are many benefits to implementing changes in the workplace. Although the changes do not always have to be implemented, any proposed suggestion to change can be used as insight to what might need to be changed or where a problem might arise. A good leader will inspire others to achieve the vision of change, usually by providing examples of other opportunities that will benefit them and how they will be rewarded by the changes. Change allows a new platform for essential employees to shine. Change incorporates ideas from all employees and inspires them to be creative in coming up with solution to reach the vision of the leader. Some other benefits of change is to promote new ways of thinking and putting teams together to create processes that can be utilized in ways that are exciting and beneficial to the company and its employees. Change breaks monotony and takes some to the boredom out the job by allowing employees to reenergize their focus and refocus their interest (Smith, 2011). Change also encourages skill growth by providing new duties. This makes employees seek out new training and methods for completing tasks which nourishes creativity. Leadership is sometimes difficult to articulate. It must first be defined and distinguished from managing. Organizations must have leaders to carry out their visions and managers to ensure that the vision is in process. As stated in the article, leadership is getting more complicated with the integration of technology and globalization. The growth of technology extends the economy across the world and changes the way people do business. This creates opportunity for cross-cultural growth and presents to communication challenges for managers and leadership. Leaders need these skills because they are the key component of the success and growth of an organization when communicating business in a global capacity. Successful international leaders know what is expected across cultural background. Global leaders must be competent in awareness and practice (Frost, 2007). The new look of leadership makes for a very diversified workplace. A leader that can lead a command a diverse following has a great advantage in the 21st Century. Organizational culture involves a great blend of lifestyles, age groups, cultures, and abilities. Each brings a different set of ideas and style to the workplace. Although this is great for creating innovations, it presents the possibility of violations of these groups based on culture, race, age, and sex. If these issues were to arise, it could lead to the demise of the organization. IT is very important for the new and competent leader to be trained in ways to respect these differences and prevent these violations. The challenges for global leaders involve globalization, technologic innovation and demographic changes that blend human life and work. Leaders must have the trust of their followers for motivation and to respect the leader’s vision. Great things do not come from a follower who has reservations about their leader. There are essential interpersonal leadership skills that are needed for the success of a global leader in a rapidly changing world. A leader must know their strengths and weaknesses. Knowing your limitations can help put people in the right positions and create a better platform for success in a global setting (Kozlowski, 2006). This also helps show that you appreciate the individual differences in the team and can help close any cultural gaps to help communicate more effectively. Another must have skill is understanding cultural stereotypes so that you can avoid stereotypes and personal biases, especially those that stem from being unaware. Another skill for a leader it to be self-assuring without evoking cockiness. This help build confidence and enthusiasm with team members. Leasers must be able to sell the vision and develop a global mindset while keeping everyone onboard. This involves a great deal of transparency. People want to know where they are going and the most important skill is the ability to communicate this. Communication can be verbal or nonverbal and they have different requirements. It is also essential for leaders to have multiple motivational techniques and accept social responsibility with respect to the communities, clients, and stakeholders that they serve. Global leadership demands leaders to employ a special set of skills to uphold the respect of the diversity of a multifaceted workplace. It is crucial that leaders develop competencies within these skills to ensure the success of an organization’s mission and the teams that lead. Understanding leadership structures and processes is a major factor in team success. What the leader provides the team is the basis for the team’s satisfaction. If the team is not satisfied they will not be motivated and the team will struggle for success. Leadership can come from many sources that can be internal or external. Internal leadership can be project managers and team leaders, and external can be sponsors and coaches. Leadership functions are the beginning of team success (Thorseen, 1974). This begins with composing a team in the transition phase. A team’s success could be founded in the composition of the team. The members of the team must be aligned with the tasks that needs to be accomplished. Next the mission must be defined and communicated exactly what needs to be accomplished. The team must know their initial purpose. This is the beginning of team motivation. Next, goals and expectations should be established and roles should be delegated. This function allows team members to fall into roles where they might find comfort and begin a timeline for progression and the team can enter the next structure of planning and coordinating how the tasks will be carried out. The next phase is training and developing the team in areas that are needed to carry out the needs of the project and fulfil what is expected of the team. The next process in the structure is sensemaking. This is identifying any factors or events that might be disruptive to the team and interpreting what is the cause and how it is affecting the team. This information will then be communicated to the team in efforts to lessen the impact of what is to be achieved. The next process is to provide feedback. This is important to keeping a project on track and motivating team members based on what they have produced based on the metrics, milestones, and expectations of the project or task (Johnson2008). Once these processes have been accomplished, the leader must move the team into the Action Phase where teams are strictly focused on achieved goal directly related to what is to be accomplished. The leader now moves into the role of monitoring the team and managing the team’s boundaries. This entails keeping the team aligned with activities that correlate to what is expected of the team (Johnson, 2008). The leader then finds ways to challenge the team and motivate them to surpass what is expected. This then leads to performing task that will lead to problems that need to be solved. The leader is expected to be able to offer resources to assist the team with information, tools, or personnel that is needed. When a leader reaches this milestone with a team, they can encourage self-management and support the social climate of the team. This is when the leader shows the team that their individual efforts are recognized and the continued motivation of the team to exceed the results of the given tasks. These functions of leadership have been assessed to structure what is needed to enhance the effectiveness of a team (Smith, 2011). A leader must be willing to employ these functions to be successful. From composing the team to encouraging self-management or supporting the social climate of the team this is a great approach to understanding the structures and processes needed to be a successful leader. The most essential skill in leadership is communication. This skill allows for the rest of the puzzle pieces to connect and enable the most important aspect of leadership which is teamwork. Teamwork cannot exist without leadership and leadership cannot be successful without teamwork. The balance between teamwork and leadership must exist in a manner that they draw inspiration from each other. Neither can thrive is the other is unmotivated. The leader has the vision of the organization that must be communicated to the team in efforts for the vision to be made into a reality. Leadership is not about power, authority, management, or supervision. Leadership is the action of influencing and empowering others to accomplish tasks and goals beyond the expectation. Leadership is a role and a mindset that people act on to build, maintain, and motivate relationships. A team is a group of people put together to accomplish a task. Teams might be comprised of individuals of various backgrounds, abilities, cultures, and roles that need leaders to motivate them to achieve common goals that have been set before them(Holt, 2012). The leader’s role is to empower and delegate. The team’s role is to create creative solutions. The leader must take on the act of creating the team, communicating the goals of the team, motivating the team and managing conflict amongst the team. The team should be empowered to solve problems with the objective, make decisions, and communicate effectively with the leader(Holt, 2012). The Five-Dimensional Leadership Competence Model describe the abilities that well-rounded leaders should possess. These are transformational, transactional, organic, contemporary, and ethical. Transformational leaders are charismatic and influential. They use this to motivate their teams to meet goals and accomplish more than what is expected of them while nurturing healthy relationships. Transactional leaders deal rewards for performance among team members. This helps with the motivation of the team. Organic leadership seeks to create an outpour of a team member’s own leadership skills. This leadership style promotes interaction, respect, and strong working relationships amongst team members. Contemporary style leadership focuses on persuasion rather than fear. They communicated difficulties as opportunities for development. Ethical leaders have high integrity and lead based on their social power influences their decisions. They operate on strong integrity and influence. Successful teamwork demands functional relationships amongst the team and the leaders. It involves constant communication and feedback of what is expected and what is being done. To balance leadership and teamwork there are 8 named tenets that must be put into place: vision, integrity, communication, collaboration, creativity, goal orientation, empowerment, and team building. At the minimum this relationship must have integrity to build the trust, respect, and credibility that is needed to manage the creativity and collaborations that enable a team to move progress toward the vision. Communication is, again, the most important in fostering this relationship through goal orientation, empowerment, and team building. Leading change in the workplace has many challenges. One of the greatest challenges is aligning the adaptability of the people within the organization. It is very important to understand the idea of adaptability because one of the most common reasons for failure in leadership is the inability to adapt. Adaptability is being able to go with the flow of change. The ability to go with the flow of things is less stressful and reduces anxiety and frustration when faced with adversity if the workplace. In leadership, adaptability is conforming your leadership style to meet the needs of changing business demands. Change happens very quickly and if forces great leaders to adapt to new circumstances. The business environment, needs of clients and employees, technology, and demand of the business constantly changes. A leader will also be faced with crisis situations, stress of employees and their issues, problem solving, new tasks and procedures, and things such as interpersonal differentiation. Being able to cope with these changes produces a much more successful leader than a singular, one-dimensional leader. One of the biggest challenges in leading people is getting them to follow and trust the leader. From my experiences, the best leaders are the leaders that have the ability to adapt to different situations. It is the skill that gives a you a more competitive edge on operational business. First, leadership cannot be confused with management. Great leaders employ managers as these roles have different skill sets (Mohrman, 1997). Change creates an atmosphere of uncertainty and managers struggle with maintain processes as the changes occur. Great leaders can also emerge for changes is situations that are being managed. Many challenges that managers face today are adaptive challenges that have no clear solution, but require the creativity of an adaptive leader (Throseen, 1974). Adaptable leaders accept change and find new ways to address complex challenges. Being an adaptable has great benefits. If you can adapt you are more valuable to your employer because you anticipate change and do not mind conforming to the changes and you can offer creative ways develop the new processes. It also makes you more inspiring and respected by your peers. This makes your employees more liable to trust you. Another benefit to being adaptable is the satisfaction it adds to life by not feeling hopeless or hopeless when things get tough or do not go as planned. To become more adaptable, it is necessary to think outside the box. Procedures can become outdated and ineffective very quickly as the business environment changes. It is also important that an adaptable leader be one of the first people to adopt to prospective changes (Frost, 2007). This could mean learning new products, monitoring the competition, of making changes in the processes of members of a team. It is also a good idea to be openminded through the process of adapting to new situations because more great changes could come from the changes in practice. Conclusion Leading an organization through change requires a specified set of skills. Everyday leadership is no always the same team as what is needed for change leadership. Change in the workplace can be scary and can cause changes in employees. The most important factor to monitor when implementing change is changes within your employees. More important than the changes are how the changes are sold to employees and implemented into the workplace. John Kotter distinguishes change management versus change leadership a set of tools to keep change under control against the engine moving the whole change process to make it go faster, smarter and more efficiently. A change leadership team constructs the entire change process and considers the motions that are needed to introduce the change among employees and make the process flow into the large-scale transformation (Frost, 2007). Leading change in the workplace is about assessing the needs of those who will be affected by the changes and motivating them to work toward the vision. Leadership is an action and leaders are to sell the vision. There will always be a need for change in the workplace. Therefore, it is important to understand the skills that are needed to carryout change. Communication is key to change, but leaders must also be transparent in the objectives and desired outcome. Leaders must be positive and motivating to help ease any uncertainties. Change is what makes organizations thrive and the most useful position in an organization is the Leader that creates change for the good.

Leadership, Communications, and Teams Assignment - 1

Leadership, Communications, and Teams - Assignment Example As part of the internal communication methods, Wells Fargo enhances the relationship and understanding between supervisors and the employees through various practices such as encouraging the performance of the staffing roles by the managers too (Wells Fargo, 2014). This way, the managers have to consider their responsibilities and role in the employee development as the basis of leading and understanding them. However, culture and language are all essential factors of literacy; in fact, failure to establish them on varying levels dearly affects literacy. Wells Fargo has a unique approach towards teamwork and organizational culture through their extensively efficient functional structure. Even though this structure advocates for separation relative to roles and capabilities, the company has substantial linkages that facilitate vast communication between the employees. The idea of employees from sales working together with colleagues from sales acts as a culture, which simultaneously enhances communication and teamwork (Wells Fargo, 2014). Under the model of team effectiveness described by Daft, this approach is rational as the organization’s focus on function goals facilitates high performance and efficient management. Additionally, the management at Wells Fargo has geared up to recognize the importance of ethical conduct in its regular business practices and has initiated policies to assure that the organization conducts and manages its business in an ethical manner. The main challenge at Wells Fargo is the lack of specification and organization in the application of communication methods. Nonetheless, the company’s communication plan should exploit the written communications method more entailing the distribution of printed pamphlets, monthly symposiums, aboveboard brochures, reports, discourses and online content; moreover, there will be a calendar developed to mark the different events and steps

Petroleum supply in the usa Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Petroleum supply in the usa - Term Paper Example According to the energy sector of the United States, petroleum products meets about 40 % of the Americans needs and wants. Most of the American citizens worry about the harzoudous effects of oil on the environment and they would like the nation to keep moving and acquiring more sustainable oil sources. Additionally, there is controversy over the political stage management and the sources of the American oil, which is vital in meeting the demands of oil in the American state (Wisegeek.com, 1). In more than 200 million years, formation of oil beneath the surface of the earth occurs continuously. However, in 200 years time, the rate of consumption of the oil formed beneath the surface of the earth is high. Research done shows that in 40 years to come, depletion of the oil resources remaining would occur. The United States would still have other fossil oil like shale, oil, coal, tar, sands and natural gas. This means that even if depletion of all the oil resources occurs in the United States, they would still have other fossil fuels that would earn them capital. United States do not only depend on the sale of oil as their only source of income but they have other sources. However, most of these energy resources are too expensive and the process of converting them to transportable fuels for use would cause harm to the environment as they produce harmful emissions to the surroundings (Glass, 5). Between the year 1950 and 1970, the world demand for oil has increased from 11 million barrels to 57 barrel respectively. The United States consumes almost 20.7 barrels of oil, which is the most compared to other countries, which are the five next largest consumers of oil, which Germany, Japan, Russia, China and India. The United States remains the largest consumer of oil even though the world demand for oil has increased as the economies of China and India has developed (Wright, 1). In the year 2009, refineries used an

Personal statement of character Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal statement of character - Essay Example hat the maker of drugs should have the traits that are required to understand the philosophy behind the administration of drugs and their role in healing. When I first considered being a pharmacist, I did not base my decision on my mere aptitude at math and chemistry; it was also my personal qualities that motivated me to pursue a profession which is a crucial cog in the healing process. One of the most important qualities that can be of great assistance to me in my career as a pharmacist is my compassion for others. During my nursing profession, I often found myself empathizing sincerely with the patients and understanding their pain and suffering. My experience as a nurse has made me sensitive to the suffering of the people and the pain that they have to bear due to disturbances in their normal physiological functions. Bearing this in mind, my focus when preparing drugs would be solely to mitigate the pain and affliction of these people. I am a compassionate by nature and my poised and calm personality can be a great asset during my professional practice as a pharmacist. My experience as a nurse has equipped me with the skill of appeasing patients- an attribute that I feel is necessary for satisfying frightened and stressed customers. I am also good at sports and have remained an active sportsperson in tennis and basketball in my school and college years. Being a team member and working with the rest of the team members have equipped me with a very valuable trait- team work. The profession of pharmacy requires that the pharmacist interacts with a number of professionals from the health care field. These include doctors, drug retailers, lab technicians etc. Working in teams for the success of the team and assisting team members to improve their performance has not only made me more helpful but has also made me more goal-driven. My ambition has enabled me to deliver excellent results when working on my own. Table tennis is a sport that requires players to develop

Industry Interaction And Placement Committee Commerce Essay

Industry Interaction And Placement Committee Commerce Essay I got selected in LT power through campus placement after completing my Graduation from Nirma University, Ahmedabad. I worked in business development department of LT power for 4 years and 11 months. My global exposure involves the interaction with global vendors of energy sectors, corporate partners, consultants and government agencies, which mainly involved SIEMENS, ABB, MHI, SKODA, Schneider, Wartsila, GE, NTPC, MAHEGENCO, GSECL, TCE, Fichtner, EIL, GMR etc. I was interacting and negotiating with different companies simultaneously for the techno commercial offers of different equipment of the power plant including Gas turbine and steam turbine. My position provided me the opportunities to interact with sales manager to managing director of the different companies. This experience helps me to be a confident individual while dealing with the people who are having experience equal to my age. I managed to increase my vendor support portfolio for almost 5 times in business development department of LT Power by developing more vendors and keeping fruitful relationship with every vendor. I had represented my companies in international market and created business relationship with many international vendors. I am confident that my experience and working philosophy will help me to bring many companies for placement and industrial experience sharing purpose in our college. I maintained relationship with all the global vendors throughout the year during my professional period, which was more than just at professional level. This relationship helped me a lot to get the work done at critical point of time during submission. I am confident that I will create the fruitful interaction with all the companies while dealing with them for placement purpose. I was part of a team, who were dealing with more than Rs. 1000 Cr bidding gas based power plant projects. My exposure in this team helped me to understand the criticality of the confidential matters and deadlines of the submission. My experience will help me to work under tremendous amounts of pressure and help me to take decisions in order to ensure a smooth recruitment process at Great Lakes IEMR. I had organized various events for more than 500 people in my college period which helped me to be a good team member and event co-ordinator. I will use this rich experience to organized placement activities in our campus. I believe in small initiatives to achieve larger goal. Working beyond the call of duty, I actively participated in Employee engagement initiatives at LT power, an initiative to make LT power a better place to work by incorporating hobbies of people in professional ambience. With this positive attitude, I hope to add value to placement committee. 2.If you were selected, what would be your action plan for the committee? I will start with preparing placement brochure for the companies, whom we are approaching for the placements. This brochure involves the details of all students like academic background, experience, professional and personal achievements, faculty details, course provided, institute values, details of expert lectures etc. I prepare pre placement interaction meeting with the companies on one to one basis to highlight the values of our institute and our expertise in energy sector. I will arrange one workshop of CV building and GD/PI/Case, Personality development program for the students to sharpen their interview skills especially by professionals if possible. I will arrange mock interviews to build up the confidence of the student and work on the area of improvements of all the students. I will arrange alumni meet wherein our alumni not only shared their experiences vis -a-vis the realities of the corporate life but also help our juniors to make them understand the growing expectation of the corporate world so that students can mould themselves as per the recruiters expectations. I will be in touch with all the companies throughout the year by sending development news, monthly address of the senior people and festival greetings. I will try to help every student define his/her career interest through individual expert counselling. This will eventually help me to call companies from whom students get the maximum benefit. 3.Draft an official mail to a Senior HR Manager of one of our preferred  recruiters (say XYZ  corp) introducing Great Lakes IEMR (class of 2014, Institute, its  uniqueness etc) and thereby inviting the company for a student  Ã‚  interaction. Great Lakes IEMR, Gurgaon 815, Udyog Vihar, Phase V, Gurgaon, India 122016 Tel: +91-124-4934000, Fax: +91-124-4934001 www.greatlakes.edu.in/gurgaon Date: 27th July, 2012 SUBJECT: Invitation for the Student Interaction program at Great Lakes IEMR, Gurgaon   Dear Sir, I would like to take this opportunity to invite you for the Student Interaction program at Great Lakes Institute of Energy Management and Research (IEMR), Gurgaon. This is the time for us to expose the best talent in energy sector we have, to the industrial world that waits to apply and absorb the talent developed by each student. In spite of being the less experience of Great Lakes IEMR in educational sector, I am confident that your requirement will not just be met by Great Lakes IEMR students, but will be surpassed your requirement substantially. The students of 2014 mix in the batch have come under one roof from the most diverse milestone of industries. This diversity in students profile like business development, Consultancies, EPC, Project management, Software development etc. helped students to understand varied backgrounds of business and culture. The domain specific curriculum here has been specifically aligned to the needs and aspirations of the energy industry through an extensive case-study based pedagogy simulating real-life decision-making to ensure that students not just imbibe academic concepts but develop the analytical and decisionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœmaking skills to be the leaders in the everà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœchanging world of business. Their diversity and specialization will give you varied options as you look forward for bright young men and women to be a part of your industry. The master key amongst the best organizations of today is Knowledge and domain expertise. In line with this requirement,  we have guided Students to developed their expertise in functional areas like Finance, Marketing, Operations, Human Resources, Organizational Behaviour and given them a unique opportunity to choose an area of specialization from a set of fast growing industry domains both in India and globally like Power, Oil Gas, Renewable energy and Sustainability Environmental Management. Domain Expertise this word itself has a lot of meaning and purpose for all of us at Great Lakes IEMR. It is the premise on which the academic programs are developed. The distinguished faculty at Great Lakes IEMR and session of industry interface, which forms the most dynamic part in academic and consulting circles, have taken the pains to make sure that the student of today is constantly acclimatised to the dynamics of change and takes his rightful place amongst the future prime movers of the Energy industry. I welcome you to experience this domain specialization. Having stamped its class in academic and corporate circles, the alumni of Great Lakes IEMR today are doing the most challenging and demanding roles in power industry. This is testimony to the trust and belief that the power industry has bestowed in us for the initiative taken by Great Lakes IEMR to develop the best minds in Energy Sector with domain specialization. This journey from darkness to light for the students would not be possible but for the strong believe that Great Lakes IEMR shares with the energy sector. I feel privileged to invite you to be a part of student interaction process this year. I am confident that your organization and the industry will benefit immensely from your choice of domain specialized graduates at Great Lakes IEMR. With best regards and good wishes, Placement Co coordinator Great Lakes IEMR 4.Prepare a SWOT( Strengths , Weakness , Opportunity , Threats ) analysis for GLIEMR as an institution  wrt placements . STRENGTHS: Domain specialization (Flexibility to specialize and gain domain knowledge in key emerging sectors) Industrial exposure (Almost 26 Domain specific industrial lectures and site visits) Outstanding placement response by industry players in first year itself Prestigious brand of Great Lakes Institute of Management Location of the college (In Corporate hub) Unique and proprietary Conscientious Leadership Development Program Distinguished Faculty with PhDs or MBAs from top business schools Leadership initiatives taken by students to develop different committees Energy sector provides enough entrepreneur opportunities WEAKNESS: Lack of institute experience in educational sector, past record Lack of international footprints AICTE, government approval is not available for the course which is necessary for the government companies to take part in placement process Energy domain is highly policy driven market, Government policies may affect the market in negative way Concentration of the people on renewable energies may affect the future scope of OilGas sector and thermal power plants Past placement record is not strong enough Lack of alumni team Not well established network with energy sector companies No tie up with global educational energy centres, energy research institutes (ECN, Nanyang Technological University  Energy Research Institute, CERI) Our course structure is design for the Indian market, which doesnt provide international opportunities OPPURTUNITY: Lack of best education institute which provides PGPM domain specialization courses in India. This provide us the opportunity to develop ourselves and become number one in domain specific courses Demand growth is exponential in energy sector. Approx. 1,00,000 MW is planning to get added in 12th year plan, which provides tremendous growth opportunities for the energy sector Energy trading is gearing up in India, specialization in energy trading provides tremendous growth opportunities in India Our campus is located in Gurgaon, Corporate Hub of India. This provides us enough opportunities to bring maximum multi-national companies located in Gurgaon for the campus placement THREATS: Government interference in Energy Sector. Energy sector is highly policy driven market. Change in government policy may affect the sector badly Lack of fuel resources affect the market in negative manner because of force major activities Chinese equipment may affect the Indian power sector negatively, which will reduce the employment opportunities in energy sector of India

Jim Morrison :: essays research papers

Mr. Mojo Risin’ and Fallin’: The Life and Death of Jim Morrison He is often referred to as the "electric poet" for his tantalizing words and mesmerizing music, and called to be the "Lizard King" for his deep obsession for all creatures of nature. His name is James Douglas Morrison. Jim Morrison is one of the most influential artists in history. His life brought inspiration to many young people’s lives, and his death continues to weave us into the mysteries that he left behind for us to break through. One certain mystery happened the night his soul passed on. No one really knows what happened to Jim that made him leave the world that night. There are rumors of death from natural causes, a heroin overdose, or even that he is still alive and well keeping the rest of his life a secret to us all. To better understand Jim Morrison himself, a background of his life and especially his character is necessary. James Douglas Morrison was born on December 8, 1943, in Melbourne, Florida (Hopkins 5). He was the first child of George Stephen Morrison and Clara Clark Morrison. He had two younger siblings, Anne and Andrew ("James" 1). His father was an officer in the United States Navy and his mother remained a housewife to act as the "dominant parent" over the three kids (Hopkins 22). After graduating from Florida State University, he attended film school at the University of California at Los Angeles in 1964, where he met Ray Manzarek. A year later, the two form a band called The Doors with Robbie Krieger and John Densmore after Jim reveals to Ray some songs that he had written (Rocco 172). Jim Morrison was on vocals, Ray Manzarek on organ, Robbie Krieger on guitar, and John Densmore on the drums. The Doors became a very successful band, recording fourteen albums al together, not including bootleg recordings (Rocco 184). In 1971, the four Doors break up after Jim decides to move to Paris to pursue a writing career. Jim Morrison was intelligent, intimidating, sensitive, wild, just about everything a person could be rolled into one. In a publicity bio recorded by Elektra, Jim says, I’ve always been attracted to ideas that were about revolt against authority-- when you make your peace with authority, you become an authority. I like ideas about the breaking away or overthrowing of established order---I am interested in anything about revolt, disorder, chaos, especially activity that seems to have no meaning (Hopkins 107).

Plato theory of forms Essay

Plato was a duellist and thus believed that there are two worlds; the material world and the world of ideas/Forms. The world of ideas or Forms is the true reality and the world of appearances is just reflections of world of Forms. Plato believed that our knowledge of the Forms was a priori which means that our souls knew the Forms before it was inside us, therefore we have knowledge prior to experiencing the objects with our senses. Plato believes everyone is born with an intuitive but imperfect understanding of the Forms. He also believes the philosopher is able, through using his intellect, to achieve true knowledge of the abstract Forms without using his senses. Plato’s theory of Forms can be seen as unconvincing to some who believe that abstract ideas e. g table, horse, beauty are actually names that have been invented to help people describe their experiences of the physical world. This is a materialistic view as it suggests that objects in this world are the real reality and our ideas can develop based on experience of things. Aristotle agrees with this and believes knowledge is gained through experience and that there is not an eternal World of Forms that is a priori to us. However, in Plato’s defence some believe that each variety of a Form shares a likeness for example each horse is slightly different yet they all share something that makes it resemble a horse. According to Bertrand Russell, Plato`s theory made a `very important advance in philosophy, since it is the first to emphasise the problem of universals’. Plato’s theory is often regarded as unconvincing due to the fact that Plato believes that every object and idea in the world of appearances is an imperfect copy of an image or Form in the World of Forms. This suggests that there is a perfect Form of things such as a cinema ticket, mud or an insect and so on. According to Bertrand Russell, his ideas of the Forms when taken to its extreme.

Free Essays on Health Fitness Program Plan

The current health situation in the state of Mississippi is disastrous. The state of MS has the highest percentage of obesity in the United States. The State Health Fact says that in 2001, 61% of Mississippians were obese compared to 56% for the rest of the U.S. Female obesity in the state was a whopping 54% as compared to the rest if the U.S. at 47%. Likewise, the obesity rate for males was 69% as compared to 65% in the rest of the U.S. These figures are alarming, and the MS State Health Department says it is only getting worse. In 2002, 36% of adults were obese and in 2003, 30% of MS high school students were reported to be obese. That equals 66% obesity for the entire state. With the state of MS in downward spiral for health, people need a lifestyle change. My goal is to start a Corporate Fitness plan. Under the current market situation, the company’s position is the creation and implementation of wellness programs. The basic market need is the reduction of corporate costs and the increase in employee efficiency that can be achieved through long-term wellness programs. The profile for Corporate Fitness’ (CF) customer consists of the following: the immediate geographic target is the state of Mississippi; the demographic makeup is 54% female, 69% male, and 36% of these individuals are adult; the behavioral factors are that the targets recognize the need for physical activity in their lives and are willing to utilize fringe benefits that are offered by their employer as part of their compensation package. Upon reviewing the possible competition, the two main competitors of Corporate Fitness are local YMCA’s, whose market is primarily lower-income families and/or students who want accessibility and affordability of fitness facilitates, and local fitness centers and gyms, whose market is primarily middle to upper class who generally are fitness seekers that have a daily regimen. Through threat and opportunity analysis... Free Essays on Health Fitness Program Plan Free Essays on Health Fitness Program Plan The current health situation in the state of Mississippi is disastrous. The state of MS has the highest percentage of obesity in the United States. The State Health Fact says that in 2001, 61% of Mississippians were obese compared to 56% for the rest of the U.S. Female obesity in the state was a whopping 54% as compared to the rest if the U.S. at 47%. Likewise, the obesity rate for males was 69% as compared to 65% in the rest of the U.S. These figures are alarming, and the MS State Health Department says it is only getting worse. In 2002, 36% of adults were obese and in 2003, 30% of MS high school students were reported to be obese. That equals 66% obesity for the entire state. With the state of MS in downward spiral for health, people need a lifestyle change. My goal is to start a Corporate Fitness plan. Under the current market situation, the company’s position is the creation and implementation of wellness programs. The basic market need is the reduction of corporate costs and the increase in employee efficiency that can be achieved through long-term wellness programs. The profile for Corporate Fitness’ (CF) customer consists of the following: the immediate geographic target is the state of Mississippi; the demographic makeup is 54% female, 69% male, and 36% of these individuals are adult; the behavioral factors are that the targets recognize the need for physical activity in their lives and are willing to utilize fringe benefits that are offered by their employer as part of their compensation package. Upon reviewing the possible competition, the two main competitors of Corporate Fitness are local YMCA’s, whose market is primarily lower-income families and/or students who want accessibility and affordability of fitness facilitates, and local fitness centers and gyms, whose market is primarily middle to upper class who generally are fitness seekers that have a daily regimen. Through threat and opportunity analysis...

It Is A Life Not A Coice essays

It Is A Life Not A Coice essays Abortion has been one of the United States most controversial subjects.Abortion is the intentional killing of a human being before birth. About 1.6 million pregnancies end in abortion each year in the United States. Although abortion is regarded as a womans right, it should be banned without exceptions because it is murder, has psychological side effects, and there is an alternative. One of the controversial arguments is whether abortion is murder. Is an unborn child in the fetus a living being? The answer is yes. Life begins at conception. When the sperm enters the egg, the egg is fertilized and known as zygote. The zygote contains a full set of forty-six chromosomes, which is required to create a human life. Humans develop in stages. The first stage is conception. The level of development of the fetus does not determine life. Humans are not considered alive only if they are fully developed. If they were then only adults are alive. One is not fully developed until adulthood. There is not a magical transformation that occurs when the child is born. The unborn child feels the same pain, responds to noise, has feelings, and fears the same as an adult. It is an eating, breathing, and moving human being. Abortion is murder. Murder is not a choice or right. The only choice or right belongs to the unborn child. Every day these aborted children lose there choice and right to life. The child has a heart and brain therefore it also has the right to life that is equal to the mothers right to murder. Murder is killing another human being, no matter how old or in what stage of life. And yes to all those wandering the baby in the womb is a living human being (Shaw 1). If a mother killed her son or daughter at the age of one day it would be considered murder in the first degree. How can killing the child before it leaves the womb be anything but the ...

May 3, 1808 by Francisco Goya Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

May 3, 1808 by Francisco Goya - Term Paper Example The massacre was a violent act that must have left a strong impression on the artist as there are two paintings in existence about the events, one for the fight on May 2nd and the other depicting the events of May 3rd. Whenever an action of war usurps the freedom of a region, resistance becomes the only way in which to fight the occupying armies. As most under armed and poorly manned military resistance goes when attempted by civilians, the rebellion was put down within a day even though French blood was spilled. In order to reassert power and order, the French occupying army arrested and quickly executed those who were most prominent in the uprising. The power of that event and the consequences that followed appeared to have inspire this painter to commemorate the event through the artist medium that was his skill. According to the evidence that the painting presents, the idea that Goya witnessed the events is highly probable. The emotions on the canvas not only provide a tale of the heroism of the rebels, but it shows the despair and the fear that would beyond the romanticism that might be found in a piece that is only documenting what might have happened, rather than the details of what did happen on that sorrowful day. The French army is clearly considered the enemy as they stand in a row that is rigid and without individuality, while the Spanish rebels are shown having individual responses and movement, thus giving them a more human appearance. The French are shown as a unit, a single tide of destruction, where the Spanish are men, vulnerable and The piece is one of two works of art created to commemorate the infamous date and actions of that heroic rebellion. The companion piece, The Second of May 1808, shows a fury of movement with no central action taking the focus of the work. This suggests that a point of view was found by the artist that expressed the confusion and excess of activity that was difficult to process into one focal moment.

Business proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business proposal - Essay Example Category 1 to category 4 represent some of the different periods that the business may experience during its operations and assists in developing an individual expense report since high category of 4,will mean high periods of the business and necessary adjustments to the expense report made. Therefore, expenses entail on the type of category experienced. During high categories such as category 4, expenses reduce since the category expects high expenditure affecting savings of the business. Series 1 and 2 shows some of the downs and falls of the business. It enables an individual to determine the periods of savings and expenditures of the business and hence reducing costs and maximizing on profits. Saving from wages enables an individual to have plans for future development of the business. Some of anticipated problems in developing the business plan include lack of enough financial resources and inadequate time for the individual business expense report to take effect. The use of SMART (specific, measurable, applicable, reliable and time range aspects) analysis helps in solving some of the major problems experienced in development of the business proposal. The use of SMART analysis enables the problems of development in the business proposal solved and enable for the progress of the proposal. The use of SMART analysis enables one to compare current household expenditure with future developments of the same expenditure. Specific Problems of the business are handled easily and using realistic approaches of SMART analysis, solutions of the future are managed using an individual expenditure report. Therefore, the development of a business proposal has many varied benefits to the business, which enables prosperity and developments of the company in many varied and effective ways. Period of SMART analysis enables for the existence of an average annual pay of sixty thousand, which enables business individuals and

International management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

International management - Essay Example The organizations worldwide face a number of challenges when they decide to go global. This is a common problem that they face since they do not have any prior knowledge or understanding of the new territory that they will do their business from. However, what best they can do is to find out and research the strengths and weaknesses of this area and hence upon getting the much-needed knowledge, base their theories and strategies in a much more effective and efficient manner. This will help one and all to better understand what the new territory, region or country offers the business and the people associated with it. The best thing is that the benefits and disadvantages are determined even before the organization goes the global way and thus it saves itself from embarrassment which it might face without having the proper knowledge and adequate research within it. The ways and means that are usually taken care of whilst managing a business are aplenty and it is only up to the top mana gement within a company that the same can be handled in several different methods. They are the ones to decide as to what is the real manner in which the firm’s operations would be handled as well as who will head the respective departments, lead the business strategic units and act as legal and media representatives of the said business.

Sunlight on the Grass Essay Example for Free

Sunlight on the Grass Essay For the purpose of this assignment I will analyse two stories. Firstly I will examine the â€Å"Compass and Torch† by Elizabeth Baines and will demonstrate how the objects in the title relate to the characters of the story and represent key themes. I will then discuss â€Å"Something Old, Something New† by Leila Aboulela and highlight the ways in which the title relates to the story. Firstly the â€Å"Compass and Torch† is a story about a young boy setting out on a camping trip with his estranged father. The compass and torch are used symbolically throughout the narrative to reflect the boy’s feelings and relationship to his family. I feel that the compass symbolises a lack of direction or the absence of a relationship between father and son. This can be demonstrated when they are about to leave the car for their journey together at the bottom of the hill. â€Å"The man looks up – for the first time – at the path they will take, which runs from the gate to the brow of the hill. Then he groans: I didn’t bring a compass†. The lack of compass showing with nothing to guide them the chance for them to get closer in their relationship is doomed. However, the narrative continues to suggest that the compass is not required, that with love and hope in their hearts, father and son will always be bonded. â€Å"Compasses are things boys and dads tend to have, but which, when they are alert and strong at heart, they can leave behind.† The compass can also be seen as a metaphor for the pull of the boy between his divorced parents. This idea is shown when the boy had gone upstairs looking for his torch and overhears his Mother and her boyfriend Jim talking in the kitchen. â€Å"The boy might have remembered it, the compass, as they were leaving. But he couldn’t wait to get going, for it all to be over †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ And the way his mother said hardly anything, and made her face blank whenever Dad spoke to her or looked her way†. This text demonstrates that mother and father remain hostile following their divorce and reflects the boy’s awareness of this and feelings of being in the middle of it all. The story demonstrates how the camping trip is an opportunity to strengthen the father son relationship, with the torch signifying the path of reconciliation, used as a tool to light the way to a new future. This is highlighted when, as the boy is sitting in his father’s car, he shows him he has brought his torch, representing the boys longing to bond with his dad.â€Å" as the man drops into the driving seat something in the boy’s chest gives a little hop of joy and he cries excitedly, ’oh I brought my torch!’†. This idea is further reinforced in the narrative when we discover both father and son have torches, â€Å"Two torches are for lighting a bigger space in the wilderness, for lighting it together. Two torches are for father and son to back each other up.† Furthermore, the colour of the torches seems to hold some significance. It is shown that the boy has a red torch whilst the father has a green one. I feel this is deliberate and hold connotations similar to a traffic light system where the red torch symbolises the lack of relationship with this father, with no way of moving forward whilst the fathers green torch reflects the idea of rebuilding the relationship, with the possibility of new horizons. Although not in the title of the story the horse is also symbolic of the boy’s mother and highlights further how Baines uses symbolism to represent characters throughout the narrative. For example whilst on his journey with his father a horse appears. â€Å"The horse comes up to the car. She nudges up, puts her nose over the edge of the door. The man bats her away† I feel this represents the mothers need to protect her son and the struggle the boy feels between his parents. The quote above illustrates the father not wanting the mother to be involved, to take a step back. Similarly â€Å"the horse nuzzles the rucksack top and the man pushes her away†. In Something Old, Something New, Leila Aboulela writes about a wedding due to take place between a Scottish man and his Sudanese bride. The title is therefore appropriate to the story as the popular wedding phrase something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue. However, the title goes deeper than that and relates to the story in many more ways representing a number of key themes. The groom is depicted as a man desperate to find himself. He has dropped out of medical school and is unsure on which direction his life should take. He converts from Catholicism to Islam and his new spiritual world seems to have saved him. Indeed, the narrative demonstrates how his view of Islam is different to his brides. â€Å"She associated Islam with her dark skin, her African blood, her own weakness. She couldn’t really understand why anyone like him would want to join the wretched of the world. But he spoke with warmth†. Religion for her seems a flaw, but for him represents a new beginning in life. This theme of conflicting ideas of old and new is also depicted when he arrives in Egypt to meet his bride and her brother. Back in Scotland, her ethnic difference seemed exotic, exciting but once in her home country he realises its nothing new any more â€Å"He became aware that everyone looked like her, shared her colour, the women were dressed like her†. The author also utilises the Nile as a metaphor for the proposed marriage. The Nile is one of Egypt’s most anticipated sights, but on closer inspection the groom finds it is not as he expected â€Å"yes it’s beautiful he replied. But as he spoke he noticed that the rivers flow was forceful, not innocent, not playful. Crocodiles no doubt lurked beneath the surface.† I feel this represents the marriage that his idealised view of his wedding and his bride suddenly turning fearful, with the lurking crocodiles a metaphor perhaps for her overbearing brother. With this fear in place, the groom begins to yearn for the comforts of home and staying at the Hilton hotel represents to some degree the characters longing for home comforts. The Hilton used as sign of the Western world in contrast to the barren landscape of Egypt. †The hotel lobby was impressive, the cool tingling blast of the air-conditioner, music playing, an expanse of marble. He felt soothed somehow, more in control†. Another example of this is when the character struggles to follow the strict Islamic custom of mourning following the girls Uncle’s death. â€Å"He shrugged, he did not want to talk about it, was numbed by what had happened, dulled by the separation from her that the mourning customs seemed to impose.† Furthermore the anxiety he feels about this new culture is noted again â€Å"He had thought, from the books he’d read and the particular British Islam he had been exposed to, that in a Muslim country he would find elegance and reason. Instead he found melancholy, a sensuous place, stripped to the bare bones†. The idea of a new life and a new culture suddenly turning sour in his mind is reinforced with the theft of his British passport contributing to a feeling of a loss of identity. To conclude I feel I have demonstrated how the stories titles relate to the overall meaning of the story and how symbolism is used to portray characters and to enhance the mood and tone of the narrative. Where possible I have provided key examples to support my ideas and to illustrate my understanding of the texts.

Carbon Mesoporous Material Hybrid Catalyst

Carbon Mesoporous Material Hybrid Catalyst Facile and clean transformation for synthesizing secondary arylamines through one-pot reductive amination of aniline, using aldehyde catalyzed by the supported nickel and poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) on mesoporous carbon CMK-3 (Ni/PVSA/CMK-3) as a novel acid-metal bi-functional heterogeneous catalyst. Sodium borohydride was used as the source of hydrogen for the reduction of imine. The reaction was performed at room temperature, in a short reaction time, without any by-products. Various characterization techniques including FT-IR, XRD, TG, BET, SEM, TEM, DRS-UV and AAS were employed to reveal the relationship between catalyst nature and catalytic performance. Reaction results demonstrate that the optimized Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 catalyst shows comparable catalytic performance thanks to the nickel metals and the acidic nature of polymer in mesopore channels of CMK-3. This method has several advantages such as, eco-friendly (used water as solvent), moderate to high yields, simple work-up procedure and catalyst filtered easily and reused without obvious loss of activity. 1. Introduction Nowadays, amines are privileged in industry that have found prevalent applications as intermediates for pharmaceuticals, biologically active compounds, rubber, solvents, fine chemicals, dyes, herbicides, and in the manufacture of detergents and plastics. Reductive amination demonstrate one of the most versatile and convenient methods of amine synthesis. This reaction has two steps including formation of an imine during reaction between primary amine and a carbonyl substrate, and reduction of the imine with adequate hydride source. There are two detached approaches for the reductive amination: the direct approach, which uses the in situ-generated imine, and the indirect approach, which uses the prior isolated imine. The former approach has several advantages such as one-pot procedure, increasing yields, having simple setup, easily separated from the product, being stable and compatible reagents, and the mild reaction conditions. To this end, over the past decades, researchers have been reported several studies on reductive amination reaction with several different catalysts, which among them, heterogeneous catalysis are prominent than homogenous catalysis owing to separate and recover capabilities. Moreover, it has been proven that accomplish this reaction needs two character including metallic and acidic; consequently, bi-functional heterogeneous catalysts are useful in this reaction. Recently, several metal nanoparticles acted as a hydride transfer such as Pt, Ni, Cu, and Pd. Despite of the fact that an effective control of particle size and a uniform distribution of nanoparticles in catalytic applications are generally predicted, nanoparticles typically accumulate together in bulk-like materials that hardly reduce selectivity and the activity of catalysts. To overcome with this problem, mesoporous silica, zeolites, polymers or macromolecular organic ligands have been used in order to immobilize metal nanoparticles in their pores. Mesoporous silica materials and zeolites have excellent order and surface area than other materials like polymer and etc.; subsequently, they are sufficient for catalysis approaches. Lately, mesoporous silica used for producing mesoporous carbon (CMK-n) as hard template. These materials contain several benefits compared to mesoporous silica and zeolites for instance, high mechanical stability, high thermal stability in nitrogen atmosphere, superb stability in strong acids and bases, and other engrossing properties such as narrow pore size distributions, high surface areas, and ordered frameworks. In addition, mesoporous carbon materials have hydrophobic nature on their surfaces and it helps to embed nanopolymers in their pores. In our previous studies, it asserts that when polymer embedded into mesoporous materials, they have perfect function. Owing to the fact that they have small particles and subsequently having high surface areas. Moreover, polymer nanoparticles fix in porous and they could not leach from their supporters. Accordingly, in this work, we will introduce a novel heterogeneous organic hybrid catalyst based on a carbon mesoporous material. In this circumstance, mesoporous carbon CMK-3 replicating from mesoporous silica SBA-15 was prepared and used as suitable support for Nickel nanoparticle/poly vinyl sulfonic acid/CMK-3 (Ni/PVSA/CMK-3). Furthermore, the catalyst was used effectively for the one-pot reductive amination of amine compounds using aldehyde in the presence of a small amount of NaBH4 as a mild reducing agent and two sort of solvent containing water and acetonitrile at room temperature without any by-products. 2. Experimental method 2.1. Catalyst characterization The samples have been analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy (using a PerkinElmer 65 in KBr matrix in the range of 4000-400 cm-1). The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) data were obtained by a Setaram Labsys TG (STA) in a temperature range of 30-650 -C and heating rate 10 -C min-1 in nitrogen atmosphere. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) of the catalyst was carried out on a Bruker D8Advance X-ray diffractometer using nickel filtered Cu KÃŽ ± radiation at 40 kV and 20 mA. The BET specific surface areas and BJH pore size distribution of the samples were determined by adsorption-desorption of nitrogen at liquid nitrogen temperature, using a Series BEL SORP 18. For the measurement of nickel, a Perkin Elmer AAnalyst 300 atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used. The slit width, linear range and wave length for Ni were 0.2 nm, 2 and ppm232 nm, respectively. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies were performed on Philips, XL30, SE detector. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observati ons were performed on a JEOL JEM.2011 electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 200.00 kV using EX24093JGT detector in order to obtain information on the size of nickel nanoparticles and the DRS UV-vis spectra were recorded with JASCO spectrometer, V-670 from 190 to 2700 nm. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) was recorded on ESCA SSX-100 (Shimadzu) using a non-monochromatized Mg KÃŽ ± X-ray as the excitation source. The products were characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra (Bruker DRX-500 Avance spectrometer at 500.13 and 125.47 MHz, respectively). Melting points were measured on an Electrothermal 9100 apparatus and they were uncorrected. All the products were known compounds and they were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. All melting points are compared satisfactorily with those reported in the literature. 2.2. Catalyst preparation The employed mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) was synthesized following the method reported by Ryoo using SBA-15 as template. 2.2.1. Preparation of SBA-15 Mesoporous silica SBA-15 was prepared using block copolymer Pluronic P123 (EO20PO70EO20) template as a structure directing agent and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the silica precursor through the addition of H3PO4 by novel method as described in the literature. In a general synthesis, Pluronic P123 (2 g) was dissolved at room temperature in deionized water (75.4 mL) and H3PO4 (4.2 mL, 85%), after that TEOS (4.6 mL) was added to the solution and synthesis was fulfilled by stirring at 35 -C for 24 h in sealed Teflon breakers, and it was consequently placed at 100 -C for 24 h. Afterwards, the solution was filtered, washed with deionized water, and lastly dried at 95 -C for 12 h in air. Template removal was accomplished by calcination in air using two successive steps; first heating at 250 -C for 3 h and then at 550 -C for 4 h. 2.2.2. Preparation of CMK-3 Mesoporous carbon CMK-3 was prepared using mesoporous silica SBA-15 as template and sucrose as the carbon precursor. 1.0 g SBA-15 was added to 5 mL aqueous solution containing 1.25 g (3.65 mmol) sucrose and 0.14 g (1.42 mmol) of H2SO4 (98%). The resulting mixture was heated in an oven at 100 -C for 6 h and next 160 -C for another 6 h. In order to obtain entirely polymerized sucrose inside the pores of the SBA-15 template, 5 mL aqueous solution containing 0.8 g (2.33 mmol) sucrose and 0.09 g (0.917 mmol) of H2SO4 were added again, and the mixture was subjected to the thermal treatment described above one more time. Then, it was carbonized under nitrogen gas flow at 900 -C for 6 h with a heating rate of 5 -C min-1. Finally, the resulting solid was washed with 1 M NaOH solution (50 vol. % ethanol-50 vol. % H2O) twice to remove the silica template, filtered, washed with ethanol until pH = 7, and dried at 100 -C for 4 h. 2.2.3. Preparation of Poly(vinyl sulfonic acid)/CMK-3 2.2.4. Preparation of Ni nanoparticle-poly(vinyl sulfonic acid)/CMK-3 At first, Vinylsulfonic acid sodium was converted into its acidic form using the ion exchange resin (Amberjet 1200 H, 2 equiv. L-1, Aldrich). Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 was synthesized as follows: in the first place, 1 mL aqueous solution of NiCl2.6H2O (0.5 M) was added to the obtained PVSA/CMK-3 (0.1 g) together with 3 mL of H2O. The mixture was heated for 5 h at 353 K. Next, the solution of NaBH4 [0.057 g (1.5 mmol)] dissolved in 5 mL methanol was added to the mixture drop by drop in 20-30 min. Then, the solution was stirred for 3 h. After that, adding the same amount of NaBH4 was repeated and again the mixture was stirred for 3 h. Consequently, the solution was filtered and washed sequentially with deionized water and methanol to remove excess NaBH4 and NiCl2, and was dried in room temperature to yield Ni/PVSA/CMK-3. The Ni content of the catalyst was estimated by decomposing. Known amount of the catalyst by perchloric acid, nitric acid, fluoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and the Ni content was estimated by atomic absorption spectrometer. The Ni content of Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 estimated by atomic absorption spectrometer was 2.1 mmol g−1. 2.3. General procedure for one-pot reductive amination of aldehydes. A mixture of Aniline (2 mmol) and benzaldehyde (2 mmol) in water or acetonitrile (3 mL) was placed in a round bottom flask and stirred for 1 min at room temperature. Afterward, to the resulting mixture, Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 (0.04 g) and NaBH4 (6 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature until TLC showed the complete disappearance of the benzaldehyde. Then, the reaction mixture was quenched with water (10 mL) and the product was extracted with diethylether (2 10 mL). After they finished, the organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated. In the end, the products were obtained very pure just by extract with diethylether in the majority of the reactions. The product was identified with a melting point, FT-IR spectroscopy techniques, 1HNMR and 13CNMR. 3. Results and discussion 3.1. Catalyst characterization Figure 1 shows the FTIR spectra of CMK-3 (a), PVSA/CMK-3 (b) and Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 (c). A broad band at around 3380-3470 cm−1 was observed in all samples. The O-H stretching vibration of the adsorbed water molecules mainly caused it. Moreover, in the CMK-3 spectrum, there are not any signals belong to organic bonds, resulting from the complete carbonization of sucrose (Fig. 1a). The presence of a new absorption bands at 1041 and 1186 cm-1 attributed to the S=O group of PVS, affirming the existence of the grafted PVSA chains on the CMk-3. In addition, the band at about 1650 cm-1 is attributed to adsorbed water, which is similar to related reports[]. The presence of peaks at around 2940 cm−1 and 1450 cm−1 correspond to the aliphatic C-H stretching and bending in PVSA/CMK-3, respectively (Fig. 2b). The appearance of the above bands shows that PVSA has been attached into mesoporous of CMK-3 and the synthesis of PVSA/CMK-3 has been successful. The profiles of thermogravimetric analysis of PVSA/CMK-3 and Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 under nitrogen atmosphere are shown in Fig. 2. The degradation of Poly(vinyl-sulfonic acid) commences at 150C and this stage continues to a little less than 300C. The next stage involves only a little degradation and occurs over the temperature range of 300 to 500C. These evidence are shown Poly(vinyl-sulfonic acid) cannot tolerant the temperature due to polymers are not protect by any supporter. The TGA curves of PVSA/CMK-3 shows a small mass loss (around 5%, w/w) in the temperature range of 100-330 -C, which is apparently associated with degradation of SO2 and ethylene from PVSA (Fig. 2). At temperatures above 330 -C, PVSA shows one main stage of degradation. The mass loss for PVSA in the second step is equal to 11.5% (w/w) which correspond to the degradation of the methane. In light of the difference between the PVSA and PVSA/CMK-3 curves, it is clear that PVSA/CMK-3 has higher thermal stability and slower degradation rate than PVSAP. Hence, after hybridization, the thermal stability is enhanced significantly that is beneficial for the catalyst application. In addition, Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 shows two separate weight loss steps that are almost similar to the PVSA/CMK-3. The only difference is temperature between 330 and 445 C, which Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 shows slower degradation rate than PVSA/CMK-3 in these range. It asserts that the hybrid Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 had higher thermal stability than PVSA/CMK-3. It may be related to the presence of Nickel nanoparticles in the composite structure. Consequently, it is proper thermal stability is boosted after hybridization because of intense the catalyst application. Figure 1 shows the powder XRD patterns of SBA-15, CMK-3, PVSA/CMK-3 and Ni/PVSA/CMK-3. The low angle diffraction pattern of SBA-15 shows three reflections at 2à Ã‚ ´ values from 0.5 to 2 ° including one strong peak at (100) and two weak peaks at (110) and (200), which corresponds to the well-known ordered arrangement of SBA-15 in the space group p6mm of 2-D hexagonal symmetry. The silica SBA-15 used as template to synthesis CMK-3. As can be seen, the XRD pattern of CMK-3 show three diffraction peaks at 2à Ã‚ ´ = 1.04 °, 1.79 ° and 2.05 ° (Fig. 3b). It could be marked to (100), (110) and (200) diffractions of the 2D hexagonal space group p6mm, which is compatible with previous articles. After polymerization by poly (vinyl sulfonic acid), the X-ray diffraction of PVSA/CMK-3 shows the same pattern with CMK-3. This evidence indicates that the structure of the CMK-3 was retained after the polymerization (Fig. 3c). Albeit, the intensity of the characteristic reflection peaks of the PVSA/CMK-3 is found to be diminished (Fig. 1b). Composite contains less CMK-3 due to the dilution of the carbon material by PVSA; subsequently, this dilution can be responsible for a decrease in the peak intensity. By the way, the XRD patterns of CMK-3 and PVSA/CMK-3 are almost similar to SBA-15, which it shows CMK-3 is a accurate replica of the mesoporous silica SBA-15 and the polymerization process does not damage the structure of CMK-3. After immobilize nickel in the PVSA/CMK-3, Ni peak cannot be seen in XRD since the homogeneity of Ni particles in the Ni/PVSA/CMK-3, and it lonely shows an amorphous pattern at 2ÃŽ ¸ values of about 44ËÅ ¡ (Fig. 3, inside). In order to demonstrate the e xistence of Ni nanoparticles in the Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 catalyst was exposed to temperature (400ËÅ ¡C). Meanwhile, amorphous Ni changed to crystalline and appear a peak with low intensity at 2ÃŽ ¸ = 44.29ËÅ ¡, which can be attributed to the small size of nickel nanoparticles and the plane (111) of fcc nickel. Eventually, after immobilize the nickel nanoparticles on composite, structure has not changed and it is represented a successful synthesis of the catalyst. The specific surface area, pore volume and the pore size of the CMK-3, PVSA/CMK-3 and Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 samples are summarized in Table 1. All samples exhibit a type IV adsorption isotherm with an H1 hysteresis loop by capillary condensation at relative pressure around 0.3-0.7 (Fig. 4). It is clear in table 1 that the PVSA/CMK-3 and Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 exhibits a smaller specific surface area, and pore volume in comparison to those of pure CMK-3. Thanks to the successful incorporation of the poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) into the mesoporous carbon. As can be seen, pore diameter increases in the PVSA/CMK-3 and Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 in comparison to CMK-3. This evidence shows the incorporation and growth of hyperbranched polymers and consequently produces the pressure (physical pressure on the wall of the channels) inside the CMK-3 mesoporous. By adding Ni nanoparticles into the PVSA/CMK-3, the specific surface area and pore volume decrease, asserting that nickel nanoparticles are located inside the pores o f the CMK-3. In spite of the fact that there are significant decreases in the pore volume and surface area, the pores of Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 were not blocked by deposition of the hyperbranched homopolymer and nickel nanoparticles. Moreover, the BJH pore size distribution curves of the PVSA/CMK-3 and Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 are exhibited a narrow pore size distribution (Fig. 5). It clarifies that the homopolymer and nickel nanoparticles are satisfactory distributed on the channels of the Ni/PVSA/CMK-3. This result is agreement with TEM analysis and shows the effective role of the hyperbranched polymer to entrap and uniformly disperse nickel nanoparticles. , , Fig. 6 gave the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs of CMK-3 and PVSA/CMK-3 and Ni/PVSA/CMK-3. All the SEM images are shown rod-like morphology, which is attributed to carbon mesoporous. Although, virtually no significant differences observe in surface morphology between CMK-3 and PVSA/CMK-3, it is obvious that after hybridization the surface of CMK-3 is become coarser; indicating the most of polymerization of PVSA occurred in the pores of CMK-3, which was also supported by the decrease in surface area and pore volume as shown in Table 1. In addition, by immobilizing Ni nanoparticles, several spherical beads are seen on the mesoporous carbon. However, most of them are incorporated inside the carbon mesoporous structure, which is not observable in the SEM images. It is necessary to mention that after loading nickel nanoparticles on the surface of CMK-3, the structure of the mesoporous carbon is remained. Moreover, XRD analysis and TEM images confirmed this claim. The PVSA/CMK-3 and Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 were inspected by means of TEM micrographs technique (Fig. 7). The ordered hexagonal p6mm mesostructure of PVSA/CMK-3 and Ni/PVSA/CMK- 3 can be seen, indicating after polymerization and incorporation of PVSA and Ni nanoparticles, the ordered structure of mesoporous carbon is retained. Additionally, the places with darker contrast could be assigned to the presence of Pd particles with different distribution (Fig. 7c-d). As can be seen, the small dark spots could be ascribed to nickel nanoparticles with ∠¼X nm average diameter, presumably located into the mesoporous channels. On the other hand, larger dark spots are shown in fig. 7 c-d, which are corresponded to Ni nanoparticles agglomerate on the external surface with average diameter of ∠¼5-10 nm. Fig. 8 shows the DRS-UV of PVSA/CMK-3 and Ni/PVSA/CMK-3. previous reports were proven that DRS-UV of the cationic nickel have only d-d transitions peaks including 3T1g(P)↠3A2g (F) (368 nm) and 3T1g (F)↠3A2g (F) (576 nm), which these two peak do not show in Ni/PVSA/CMK-3. Moreover, the DRS-UV of Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 shows feature bands around 205 nm and 330 nm, which are attributed to the presence of Ni nanoparticles in these samples. By comparing these data, it can be found that cationic nickels are converted to the nickel nanoparticles by reduction of NaBH4. 3.2. Catalytic activity Synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by different methods in the former section. This section is introduced the application of this bi-functional catalyst to the reductive amination reaction. During two decade, enormous investigation devoted to develop environmental friendly synthesis. Since, using water as a reaction medium in transition metal-catalyzed processes is one of the most essential goal of sustainable chemistry. Water is nontoxic solvent, readily available, an inexpensive, nontoxic solvent and non-inflammable. It provides privilege over organic solvents from an environmental and an economic aspect. Accordingly, the effect of several parameters on the one-pot tandem reductive amination of aldehydes with aniline over Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 as acid-metal bifunctional catalyst was perused in water at room temperature and the outcome are as follows: At the first monitoring of experiments, diverse amounts of NiCl2.6H2O were tested to identify the effect of nickel nanoparticles concentration on the reductive amination reaction. Hence, the amount of NiCl2.6H2O to prepare Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 was changed from 1 mmol/g to 15 mmol/g and then measured by the Atomic Absorption spectroscopy technique (AAS) which are shown in Table 2. It is clear that the activity of catalytic steadily improved by increasing NiCl2.6H2O form 1 mmol/g to 5 mmol/g. According to the catalytic reaction mechanism, nickel nanoparticle mediated electron transfer from BH4- ion to the imine intermediates (Scheme 1). Subsequently, the amounts of H- sites on the catalyst surface are grown by increasing nickel nanoparticles. Thus, larger amount of hydrides can be transferred to the imine groups through the catalyst. On the other hand, by further increasing the amount of NiCl2.6H2O (more than 5 mmol/g), the catalytic activity was diminished, which can be attributed to after a certain amount of nickel chloride increases, a larger amount of nanoparticles is loaded on the surface of the CMK-3 that may have caused the mesopore channels to narrow. In Fact, the nanoparticle size will increase by increasing the amount of NiCl2.6H2O. Therefore, in some places, the pore size will narrow and it is able to lessen the rate of reactants diffusion into the porous. In one word, lower performance of the catalyst produced with higher NiCl2.6H2O concentration will be anticipated. Despite of this fact, it does not mean the pores are throughout clogged. According to these results, the catalyst provided by 5 mmol/g NiCl2.6H2O presented the best catalytic activity. To identify the effect of NaBH4 amount (as a hydride donor) on the reductive amination the reaction was carried out using various amounts of NaBH4 in the presence of Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 as catalyst. As shown in Table 3, the yield was increased by increasing the amount of NaBH4 (until 6 mmol). The excess values did not have any effect on the reaction. Therefore, 6 mmol NaBH4 was the best value to perform reductive amination reaction. The influence of the solvent on catalytic activity was investigated in the reductive amination reaction using Ni-PVSA/CMK-3 catalyst and NaBH4 as hydride donor, at room temperature. The results are gathered in Table 4. Four vital factor acts to fulfil reductive amination reaction including dielectric constant, dipole moment, solubility in NaBH4, hydrophobic effect, protic and aprotic solvent effect. The results revealed that the reaction time in ethanol solvent is slow due to NaBH4 hardly solving in ethanol and the reaction rate is tardy. In addition, the reaction rate in water solvent is slow because although dielectric constant and solubility of water in NaBH4 is high, carbon mesoporous CMK-3 have hydrophobic nature. It causes substances and catalyst cannot have perfect interaction together. The hydrophobic nature of acetonitrile and oxolane are higher than other solvent that presented above; thus, these two solvent have more similarity to hydrophobic nature of CMK-3. Moreover, dipole moment of acetonitrile is higher than other solvent. Thanks to this feature, the reaction rate increase. Whereas the methanol solvent has mediate circumstance of dielectric constant, solubility in NaBH4, and hydrophobic effect aspect, the reaction time diminish. It is noteworthy to mention that the combination of all these factors together cause this process. Regarding these situation, water and acetonitrile were finally selected as the solvent for the reaction because of their environmental friendly and highly efficient, respectively; and all other optimization and reaction separately accomplished by these two solvent. The effect of the amount of catalyst was defined for reductive amination reaction (Table 5). Due to the fact, the catalyst synthesized is worthy, it is decided that the amount of catalyst optimize by decreasing down to the 0.04 g, nevertheless the reaction time were increased. However, reducing the amount of catalysts until 0.02 g was not sufficient. Since, the quantity of 0.04 g for both solvent was found to be the best weight of catalyst. The reusability of the catalyst was studied by using Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 in water and acetonitrile solvent (Chart 1). After each cycle, the catalyst was filtered off, washed with water (10 mL) and ethanol (3 mL 5 mL). After that, catalyst dried at 60 ËÅ ¡C and reused in the reductive amination reaction with a fresh reaction substances. It might be noted that after each run, a slight amount of the catalysts were lost in the filtration process. Herein, to overcome this problem, after each experiment the amount of remaining catalyst was specified and the molar ratio of the reactants was adjusted according to the remaining amount of the catalyst. The catalyst was reused up to 5 times. The catalyst that react in acetonitrile solvent have serious loss activity. In further investigation, it recognized that the catalyst used in acetonitrile solvent was somewhat destroyed. It can be attributed to the interaction between acetonitrile as a solvent and PVSA/CMK-3 composite. In other cases, not o nly the reusability of the catalyst that performed in water was adequate, but also the catalyst exhibit high stability in this status. This result obtained by SEM and XRD characterization, which can be seen in Figure 9 and 10. As shown in SEM images of reused catalyst in water as reaction solvent is well retained, which is very essential for the catalyst applications. Similarly, the XRD pattern shows a diffraction peak at low angle (1.04 °). It display that the catalyst structure remain. Because of this fact that the reusability in the heterogeneous catalysts is fundamental, water in reductive amination reaction chosen as a compatible solvent. The catalytic activity of the Ni/PVSA/CMK-3 in the reductive amination was compared with CMK-3, PVSA/CMK-3, and without a catalyst. The results are available in Table 6. The consequences affirm the significance role of the acid-metal heterogeneous catalyst in sort of reaction. As shown, the reaction dose not fulfil up to 5% without catalyst. There is the important issue that NaBH4 function as a mild hydride donor agent, which is incapable reagent for reducing imine groups solely. In a similar manner, this result obtained by using CMK-3 due to the fact that mesoporous carbon CMK-3 does not have any active sites to carry out the reaction. By using the PVSA/CMK-3, with improve acidic feature of the mesoporous carbon the carbonyl group activated and thus the yield moderately increased to 40% and 35% in acetonitrile and water solvent, respectively. In addition, using Ni/PVSA/CMK-3, the reaction efficiency was increased to 97% in 35 and 63 min in acetonitrile and water solvent, respectivel y; Because of the role of nickel nanoparticles as species to transfer hydride ions from NaBH4 to imine groups. The interesting point in catalyst investigation is heterogeneous nature. In this regard, the catalyst was separated from the reaction mixture at approximately 50% conversion of the starting substances by filtration and then centrifugation. The reaction progress in the filtrate circumstance was monitored (data not shown). No further reductive amination reaction occurred even at addition times, representing that the nature of reaction process is heterogeneous and there is not any progress for the reaction in homogeneous phase.