Pacifisim vs. Realism Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive War Essays

Pacifisim vs. Realism In this paper I will be analyzing and critiquing the theory of pacifism. This theory is the belief that war is never an option under any circumstance. Even if a nation is being attacked a pacifist will believe that retaliating is morally wrong for a number of reasons. Such reasons behind pacifism are supported by issues of morality and what the pacifist themselves feel to be morality. I will provide three arguments to the pacifist way of thinking. It is an inevitability that with war lives will be lost, but that also innocents not officially involved in a war will lose their lives. There is simply no way around the loss of innocent lives amidst war in this age of advanced weaponry, which is specifically designed to take the lives of many with just one use. The pacifist argues that the inevitable losses of innocent lives are unacceptable and therefore war is an unacceptable solution to a conflict. This is my first and most prominent argument for pacifism. Those in opposition of the theory of pacifism argue that the targets of all military operations are the enemy or those with evil intent, but history shows us through such events as the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II that innocents can be lost in massive amounts, which far outweighs any possible good done by such military operations. The fact of the matter is, innocents are lost during times of war and that alone should be enough reason to make war unjus tifiable. Robert Holmes put it best when he wrote, "There must be a new conception of how to get along in the world, a recognition that only the individual person is of ultimate value - not governments, not abstractions, not collectivities - and that if we do not cherish the life... ... many to overlook. We do not live in a "John Lennon" world. We can imagine it, but to make it reality is an impossibility and our stance on war should reflect this impossibility. A country cannot survive alone on an optimistic look at things. Sometimes action is necessary. Sometimes the lives of many must be sacrificed to preserve a nation. Realism ensures safety through out the country. By keeping ourselves safe other countries may decide to follow our example and thus world peace is spawned. Though total world peace can never be reached due to the imperfect world we live in realism can lead us closest to it because of its ignoring of morality. Trusting facts will produce a far more positive result in the long run than trusting feelings. Feelings can cloud our judgments, but the realistic view helps us avoid that. It helps us ensure peace throughout the country. Pacifisim vs. Realism Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive War Essays Pacifisim vs. Realism In this paper I will be analyzing and critiquing the theory of pacifism. This theory is the belief that war is never an option under any circumstance. Even if a nation is being attacked a pacifist will believe that retaliating is morally wrong for a number of reasons. Such reasons behind pacifism are supported by issues of morality and what the pacifist themselves feel to be morality. I will provide three arguments to the pacifist way of thinking. It is an inevitability that with war lives will be lost, but that also innocents not officially involved in a war will lose their lives. There is simply no way around the loss of innocent lives amidst war in this age of advanced weaponry, which is specifically designed to take the lives of many with just one use. The pacifist argues that the inevitable losses of innocent lives are unacceptable and therefore war is an unacceptable solution to a conflict. This is my first and most prominent argument for pacifism. Those in opposition of the theory of pacifism argue that the targets of all military operations are the enemy or those with evil intent, but history shows us through such events as the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II that innocents can be lost in massive amounts, which far outweighs any possible good done by such military operations. The fact of the matter is, innocents are lost during times of war and that alone should be enough reason to make war unjus tifiable. Robert Holmes put it best when he wrote, "There must be a new conception of how to get along in the world, a recognition that only the individual person is of ultimate value - not governments, not abstractions, not collectivities - and that if we do not cherish the life... ... many to overlook. We do not live in a "John Lennon" world. We can imagine it, but to make it reality is an impossibility and our stance on war should reflect this impossibility. A country cannot survive alone on an optimistic look at things. Sometimes action is necessary. Sometimes the lives of many must be sacrificed to preserve a nation. Realism ensures safety through out the country. By keeping ourselves safe other countries may decide to follow our example and thus world peace is spawned. Though total world peace can never be reached due to the imperfect world we live in realism can lead us closest to it because of its ignoring of morality. Trusting facts will produce a far more positive result in the long run than trusting feelings. Feelings can cloud our judgments, but the realistic view helps us avoid that. It helps us ensure peace throughout the country.

Enlightenment philosopher Essay

John Locke (1632-1704) was an Enlightenment philosopher. Some authors define him as â€Å"the philosopher of freedom† and â€Å"the father of English empiricism and liberalism†. His ideas and concepts about social structure, social consent and human natural rights determined development of political philosophy and republican democracy. John Locke was an Oxford scholar. His teachers were famous British scientists including chemist Robert Boyle who probably taught him about atomism. John Locke was medical researcher and physician, philosopher and pedagogue, economist and ideologue for a revolutionary movement. His career was associated with name of the First Earl of Shaftesbury who was a Lord-Chancellor of England. When Locke emigrated to the continental Europe he studied Cartesian philosophy in France and become acquainted with William of Orange who later became English King. Locke came back to England only in 1689 and took up many official posts but devote much more time to his scientific studies. Contemporaries knew Locke as an economic writer and opposition political activist. Locke was an ideologue of constitutional monarchy and division of powers. He was an opponent of theories of divine origin of the royal power. He was a friend of Isaac Newton and Robert Boyle and an early member of the Royal Society. The principles of Locke’s philosophy were the ideological basement for Great French and American Revolution. John Locke together with Francis Bacons was a founder of empiricism theory. He assumed that human mind at the birth is like â€Å"blanc paper† and only experiences through trials and errors form ideas and knowledge. This theory was described in Locke’s â€Å"Essay Concerning Human Understanding† and had impact on the development of behaviorism. Lock started to write his main work â€Å"Essay Concerning Human Understanding† in 1671, but published it only in 1690. Why he wrote it? Essay present the fundamental principles of his philosophy, it’s the culmination of his reflection on the origins of human knowledge. Essay contains of four books: â€Å"Of innate notions†, â€Å"Of ideas†, â€Å"Of words† and â€Å"Of knowledge and probability†. This philosophic treatise is written in archaic style but it still easy to read because of the use of dialogue form and clear argumentation. Locke devoted much of the Essay to an extended argument that human ideas and understanding are ultimately derived from experience. Before scientists suggested that some ideas could be innate. Actually, Locke proposed new theory of knowledge. Essay is an answer to the question: â€Å"Where do we get ideas which are the content of our knowledge? † The first chapter of the first book is named as â€Å"No innate speculative Principles†. It consists of twenty eights paragraphs. The name of chapter reflects its content. The chapter is opened with discussion â€Å"how men, barely by the use of their natural facilities, may attain to all the knowledge they have without the help of any innate impressions†. Locke wrote about the importance of speculative and practical principles and gave examples of them to show that â€Å"universal content proves nothing innate†. He used humor to show that nothing on the mind is naturally imprinted when speak about children understanding. To show impossibility of innate concepts and sensations he used dialectic that helped reader to understand that only experience could generate ideas. Just some examples of his logic. In the paragraphs 6-12 he explained that if all people have innate ideas but later they will come to know things upon the use of own reason then innateness is loosing its sense. He wrote about peculiarities of child’s mind: â€Å"after they come to the use of reason, those general abstract ideas are not framed in the mind, about which those general maxims are, which are mistaken for innate principles, but are indeed discoveries made, and verities introduced, and brought into the mind by the same way, and discovered by the same steps, as several other propositions, which nobody has ever so extravagant as to suppose innate†¦ † In 15th section of the chapter author outlines his theory of knowledge origin. He showed the sketch of new theory and how it could be applied to the particular and general ideas, to the memory, names, abstraction and language. He noted that universal concepts came from self-evidence, not innateness (Ch. 1, 18) and that less general ideas (he called them â€Å"propositions†) are known â€Å"before. universal maxims. He insists that theory of innate ideas is fruitless because innateness cannot be applied to mathematics and other complicated fields of human knowledge. In 24-27th sections he wrote that ideas cannot be innate because they are not â€Å"universally assented to†. In the last paragraph of the chapter Locke wrote: â€Å"Upon the whole matter, I cannot see any ground to think †¦ speculative Maxims innate: since they are not universally assented to; and the assent they so generally find is no other than what several propositions, not allowed to be innate, equally partake in with them: and since the assent that is given them is produced another way, and comes not from natural inscription, as I doubt not but to make appear in the following Discourse. And if these â€Å"first principles† of knowledge and science are found not to be innate, no other speculative maxims can (I suppose), with better right pretend to be so. † Locke is a propagator of ideas that abstract speculative principle cannot be innate. He attacked the theory that human mind is born knowing certain things. It was revolutionary for the late XVII century and John Locke’s Essay Concerning Human Understanding have had great impact on the history of philosophy and society. His studies of the nature and grounds of knowledge especially with reference to its limits and validity and his polemics with adherents of stagnant views on the nature of knowledge stimulated development not only of epistemology but all fields of science. Locke’s ideas played at least some part in the formation of revolutionary thought in France and American colonies. Of course, not only â€Å"Essay Concerning Human Understanding† influenced on social history of those and many other countries but this trait liberated mind of other researchers. References 1. Essay Concerning Human Understanding 2. Johne Lock Wikipedia on-line 3. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Small Cap Stocks A Bad Reputation As Being Speculative

Introduction I am no fan of speculating stocks, but for some reason, some small-cap stocks have been given a bad reputation as being speculative. There is a sentiment that small-caps stocks must be considered speculative, even when they present a great opportunity, and because of this reason most small-caps stocks are now grossly overlooked by investors (even when the fundamentals are promising). This reason has made a lot of good value small-cap stocks grossly undervalued. For this reason, I determined what made the company, undervalued and a good pick for 2017, by using a metric checklist. †¢ Earnings: did the company show signs of increasing revenue each year, and can the company continue to increase revenue? †¢ Earnings†¦show more content†¦This is a chart taken from the Financial Times and YCharts Data: From this chart, we can see that the company’s growth rate is not only exceeding analysts expectations but also shows an increasing trend. Their PEG is 0.79 for the trailing twelve months meaning that for this kind of growth the company may be undervalued especially for the kind of EPS it is generating. It is not a good rule of thumb to only look at present growth but how the present growth rate will map out a picture for the future growth rate. RETURN On Equity IRobot has had a slight decrease in ROE for the 12 trailing months, with its current average ROE for the course of the trailing twelve months being 12.28% in sept. 2016 and its industry average being 17.64%. This drop in ROE could be attributed to a few things. It could be due to the selling off of their Defense Security division; This would undermine some equity to shareholders for the time being as a division has been sold off, but this is also good for the long term as the company is narrowing in on the niche market it is trying to capture. 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Causes And Effects Of Oil Extraction - 1479 Words

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Financial Editor Adam O Daniel Reported On The Charlotte...

Financial Editor Adam O’Daniel reported on the Charlotte Business Journal about Prudential pulling a Retirement Challenge stunt at the NASCAR Hall of Fame Courtyard in Charlotte, N.C. â€Å"The company toppled a 30-foot-tall domino stone, beginning with just a normal-size domino, to illustrate the long-term outcome of systematic retirement investing. The stunt involved Harvard professor and best-selling author Dan Gilbert asking bystanders how much money they had in their pockets. He then calculated how much that amount, $45 in one example, would grow into if saved on a weekly or monthly basis. ‘We are our own worst enemy when it comes to saving,’ Prudential VP of Advertising Colin McConnell told me before the dominos fell. ‘We have this†¦show more content†¦It may seem small at first (just like that micro domino), but your tiny investment now has the potential to grow into an unstoppable force over time. You may be setting aside money regularly in a savings or checking account; however, with those traditionally low interest rates you may as well be tossing your dominos in a bag instead of setting them up for increasingly bigger returns. For example if you started with an initial principal of investment of just $5,000 with an average return of 7%, and didn’t put in any more over the course of 35 years – your investment would be worth over $57,000. That’s without you lifting a finger – that’s making your money work for you.† http://relianceretirement.com/the-domino-effect-make-your-retirement-investment-work-for-you/ A report by Nanci Hellmich on USAtoday.com offers some insights. â€Å"Saving aggressively for retirement doesn’t mean you have to live on canned beans and sawdust.† It s easy to make small changes that will make a big difference in your retirement savings, say financial experts Lynnette Khalfani-Cox, founder of AskTheMoneyCoach.com and author of Zero Debt : The Ultimate Guide to Financial Freedom, and Elli Dai, director of participant services for Wells Fargo Institutional Retirement and Trust. Recent statistics highlight the need for some

Class Project on San Diego Police Department Free Essays

Police Departments of different cities are undergoing a transition. Police department and their operations, hierarchy design, and strategies are becoming increasingly similar to that of other commercial organizations. Police Departments today operate with a sense of direction, a mission that is broken down into objectives and achievable goals that must be met in order to rank the mission of the department as a success. We will write a custom essay sample on Class Project on San Diego Police Department or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, it will not be incorrect to compare police departments to business organizations functioning within the society About San Diego Police Department The police department of San Diego is one of the most efficient police departments from across the country. The department is also amongst the pioneers in implementing strategies that have won the country the edge in the fight against crime. These strategies include implementation of an Information Technology infrastructure and programs such as ‘Community Oriented Policing’. The San Diego Police Department has a strength of over two-thousand-six-hundred personnel. This strength consists of officers that are sworn, as well as other that are civilians. These personnel function conjointly towards accomplishing the mission of the police department. These personnel are further divided into eight divisions: Field Operations, Special Operations, Neighborhood Policing, Training and Development, Office of Administration, Personnel Services, Professional Responsibility, and Support Services. All these departments function under the assistant chief, except for the Personnel Services which functions under a civilian personnel director. (Decker, Cordner, Ward, 1999) The department has been a leader in trying new strategies for implementing effective criminal justice routines. The department works closely with the community and encourages the society to participate and coordinate with the fight to make the city free of crime. The ‘Community Oriented Policing’ and ‘Problem Oriented Policing’ are two such programs that bring the community and the department together in the fight against crime. Further, the department has also implemented Information Technology as a strategy for efficient crime reporting and monitoring The aforementioned strategies have yield promising results for the San Diego Police Department. The crime rate has considerably declined in the city and is continues to drop. The crime statistics of the year 1997 show that fewer homicides, murders, violent crimes, property crimes and burglaries have taken place that year as compared to 1978 (Decker, Cordner, Ward, 1999). However, this existing crime rates are still quite high for the United States. The San Diego Police Department has therefore the responsibility to sustain the comparative low crime rates and try to reduce these statistics even further. This cannot be achieved without efficient strategy planning of department’s resources. Following is a study and analysis of the San Diego Police Department. The various aspects of the operations of the department are studied, analyzed, and based on these a strategy plan is devised for sustainability in operation of the department. San Diego Police Department’s Mission The department envisions cohesion of efforts of various entities in the society, aimed at improving the lives of the inhabitants of San Diego. The collaborative work is one of the most stresses attributes of the police department’s mission. This collaboration includes entities such as â€Å"communities, government agencies, private groups and individuals† (The City of San Diego Web Site, 2002) that share the same vision as the San Diego Police Department, i. e. fighting crime and improving the quality of life in San Diego. The attributes of the mission statement are the values that the San Diego Police Department tends to use to accomplish its mission. These values are representative of the spirit, and are the basis of the policies of the police department’s mission. San Diego’s Web Site (2002) lists some of the core values of their police department, rating protection of human beings as one of the highest priority values. This is significant for any police department as the primary reason for establishment of peace, law and order systems is protection of human life. The value deserves to be at top priority as a lack of value suggests taking for granted the objective of the department’s motif for existence. The implementation of ethical policing follows in the list of values. The reason for giving ethics a high importance is crucial for the acceptance of the police department by the people it is established for. There are many issues surrounding execution of duties of the police force and officers, ethics being one of them. It is not fiction but a fact that a police subculture has established itself within the officers which sometimes provides for officers to carry out unethical practices or misuse of authority. The public shows its concern for such unethical practices implemented by law enforcers themselves. Therefore, the implementation of ethics in particular and mention of it that high in the mission statement of the police department is strategically intended to ward off bad attention. Units in the San Diego Police Department The police department has been organized into several different units based on nature of function or crime. This helps organization of resources as well as represents the image of a well-organized/equipped police department. The different units operating in SDPD are: Air Support Unit, Armory – SWAT, Background Investigations, Canine Unit, Child Abuse, Communications, Crime Analysis, Criminal Intelligence, Crisis Intervention, Data Systems, Domestic Violence Unit, Elder Abuse, Equal Employment Opportunities (EEO), Field Training Officer Administration (FTO), Financial Crimes, Gang Detail, Harbor Patrol, Homicide, Internal Affairs, Juvenile Administration, Laboratory, Legal Advisors, Metro Arson Strike Team (MAST), Media Relations, Mounted Enforcement Unit, Narcotics, Neighborhood Policing, Permits Licensing (Vice Administration), Personnel, Psychological Services, Records, Recruitment, Robbery, School Task Force, Sex Crimes, Special Investigations, SWAT/SRT (Special Response Team) and Vice Operations. The City of San Diego Web Site, 2003) Critical Success Factors of San Diego’s Department of Police The success of the Police Department in accomplishing and maintaining the mission objective in the community can be contributes to various factors. Some of these factors can be outline to be critical for the success of department, without which the SDPD could not have realized their mission objectives. These factors are summed up and briefly outlined here as the critical success factors for SDPD. Well-defined Strategy The reason why San Diego Police Department has been recognized as one of the leading police departments in controlling crime is that the department has well-defined strategic objectives. The objectives are responsible for focusing the resources of the organization in an organized manner, towards attaining the mission objectives of the department. Setting up a well-defined strategy for a criminal justice unit is rather a new concept in criminal justice administration as usually these departments just focus resources in an unpremeditated manner towards the customary objective of reducing crime. However, the strategy of the SDPD is different. The police department has laid down a definition of more than one goal and further strategically channelled their resources towards realizing these goals. An instance of such a strategy is the department’s awareness about different approaches towards criminal justice, such as the ‘problem-oriented policing’ strategy or integrating the community in the fight against crime in the neighborhood. Training of Human Resource  The shift away from the conventional means of operations brings forth the need to train the human resource of any organization to accustom it to the new strategy. Not only would a new strategy introduce new processes for conducting conventional operations, but it may also introduce new tools (such as Information Technology tools, including software and hardware) that are intended to enhance the efficiency of the human resource. San Diego Police Department faced the same circumstances where the introduction of a strategy enticed the need for human resource training. Eventually, the proper and trained use of strategies and tools led to efficient operations and increased productivity of the police department which was unprecedented. Besides the consideration of training with a changing information technology infrastructure, officers at the police department have to undergo extensive training from the police academy before they can start performing their duties in SDPD. A focus of ethical grooming is also maintained during this course of training. This helps realize and implement the value of the San Diego police department to use ethical policing when serving the community. The officers undergo comprehensive training in the police academy which prepares them not only to ‘serve and protect’ but to efficiently implement policing according to the strategy that is implemented at SDPD. Use of Information Technology The introduction of Information technology tools is one important development for crediting the success of the mission at SDPD. Conventional policing shows less use of high tech tool for attaining criminal justice objectives, but with the advancement in technology the role information technology tools play has become a crucial success factor of policing. San Diego Police Department has been one police departments that accredits it success to the use of Information technology tools, including software, hardware and processes. The department has segregated the use of Information technology in various units and systems. The New Technology Unit (NTU) is one such unit which is headed by a sergeant and staffed by patrol officers. Each individual involved in the integration of technology in policing is thoroughly trained, committed and knowledgeable about the use of this technology. The information technology infrastructure is used for a range of operations. This includes activities from installation of software of laptop machines to the use of Automated Field Reporting (AFR) devices. (The City of San Diego Web Site, 2003; Decker, Cordner, Ward, 1999) Information Technology helps improve the efficiency of operations of the San Diego Police Department in various ways. For instance, the patrol officers can electronically transfer information from their remote locations to the central information system regarding criminal activity or general reports. Financial Situation Finances are the backbone of the any organization as refining the state of the community comes at a cost which must be met. Finances help any organization buy and employ resources towards a definite objective. Similarly San Diego Police Department has the primary objective of making the city a secure place by protecting them and further improving their quality of life. In order to realize these (and many other) objectives for the mission of the police department, the department needs finances. Once finances have been obtained, which is further required is the proper and efficient management of these finances in order to get the maximum out a limited finances. Budgeting is used by SDPD to plan its finances most effectively. The major part of the budget is used to cover personnel expenses. This shows the worth and its expected reliance on the human resource for the success of the mission of the department. Like any other organization, monetary benefits are used to keep the human resource motivated. When the major portion of the budgeted amount is spent on salaries, the remaining amount is still a hefty lot for the police department to plan investment in information technology and other nfrastructure – efforts aimed at improving the efficiency of SDPD. (The City of San Diego Web Site, 2003; Decker, Cordner, Ward, 1999) The primary sources for the finances made available to the San Diego Police Department are five, namely: Property Tax, Sales Tax, Transient Occupancy Tax (TOT), Motor Vehicle License Fee (MVLF) and Franchise Fee. As the financial resource of SDPD depends on the City’s General Fund, they are generally sensitive to political and economic stimuli coming from either local, state or national levels. Organizational Design Strategy The organizational hierarchy is clearly listed at the San Diego Police Department Web Site (2003). The organizational hierarchy shows the structure of the police department and the chain of command can be conveniently analyzed. An analysis of the organizational chart reveals that the department is arranged in a way of a business organization with the Chief of Police as the CEO, and the managers take places lower in the hierarchy. So much so that the organizational chart is also labeled as â€Å"San Diego Police Business Center†. The organizational hierarchy is top down, however possesses horizontal attributes, which make communication between individuals working at the same level (horizontal communication) and also across departments. Vertical communication however is not favorable in the top-down hierarchy. Further analysis of the organizational chart of the San Diego Police Department reveals that the department intends to implement a central control over other departments / entities working lower in the hierarchy. This organizational design will be helpful in enforcing strict monitoring and accountability of entities lower in the hierarchy. Such an organizational design, therefore, is used to implement effective programs and reduce the relaxation/room for errors for entities as activities are reported to entities higher up in the hierarchy design. This is one strategy that is used to accomplish the mission of ethical policing at all levels within the department. It is safe to suggest that the organizational design of the San Diego Police Department compliments its ethical policing objective. Strategic Plan for San Diego Police Department The aforementioned analysis has laid the foundation to devise a strategic plan for the San Diego police department for the coming years. The analysis of the department’s mission, critical success factors, financial situation and organizational design strategy are the groundwork for a smart strategic plan for the department, which would otherwise not be feasible without these analyses. The following is a suggested strategic plan for the San Diego Police Department including justification for each strategy suggested. Strategic Design for SDPD The analysis of the organizational design reveals a hierarchy with strict and inflexible structure. This organizational design might be appropriate for implementation of ethical policing and complimenting strict measures of control within the department, however the organizational design conflicts with an important aspect within any organization, i. e. communication. The design strategy hinders communications within different departments at different levels of the hierarchy. The design strategy suggests to the community that officers and entities placed lower in the hierarchy will be the interface for dealing with the department, whereas entities higher in the hierarchy depict not much interaction with the public. It is important to mention here the expectancy of the public to have transparent execution of services as it is the public’s money which is the source for funding the police department. Therefore, what the San Diego Police Department needs is an organizational design that fosters communication with all the entities involved in policing, however one that also implements a strict control for implementing ethical policing without hindrance. This can be implemented with a new, lean organizational design. Contingent Strategy for SDPD As analyzed earlier, the financial strategy of the San Diego Police Department is susceptible to economic and political fluctuations on the local, state or national level. This susceptibility poses a threat to the sustainability of operations of the police department by exhibiting dependence on these factors. The department needs to device a financial management strategy to provide when in difficult times such as those that may not cause disruption of work. This means that an alternative source for generation of funds must be established or sought out by the San Diego Police Department that can cater to the financial needs of the department when other currently implemented sources are not available. Conclusion The San Diego Police Department has implemented quite a few strategies to minimize crime in the city. Nevertheless SDPD must implement further strategic measures for sustainability of its mission of fighting crime. How to cite Class Project on San Diego Police Department, Essay examples

Statistics and Business Research Systems and Methods

Question: Discuss about the Statistics and Business Research Systems and Methods. Answer: Introduction: The restaurant and caf business is very popular business in Australia. The capital city of Sydney has a lot of restaurants and coffee shops(Yen et al. 2015). Rockpool bar and Grill, Eleven Street are a few top restaurants in Sydney operating for many years(Dalbor, Hua and Andrew 2014). A number of new restaurants coming up in the recent years like Hubert, Bolonomo, No. 1 Bent Street(Moore 2015). The business in this sector of the country has been improved by 0.4% in the year 2012(Alonso and Krajsic 2014). In this assignment, the growth of restaurant business in the capital city and the impact of such growth on the economy of the country are being studied. An outline idea about the methods of data collection and the analysis of the data is being studied. The possible interpretation of the results of the data is also given in the assignment. Problem statement: The problem statement of this research work is to identify the changes in restaurant and coffee business in Sydney city and the impact of such growth. Research aim: The aim of the research work is to investigate the change in restaurant business in the country and the factors affecting such growth. Research objective: The objective of the research work is as follows: To identify the changes in restaurant and coffee shop business in Australia. To determine the impact of such change in the economy of the country. Research questions: The main questions asked in this research work are: What is the rate of growth of restaurant business in Sydney? What are the factors that have contributed to the changes in the restaurant business? What impact do the current changes in the restaurant business have in the economy? Literature review: Sydney has a lot of restaurants and caf. The capital city of the country is one of the major tourist spot and is visited by tourist worldwide(Batra et al. 2013). The restaurants are located along the Bay. A lot of new restaurants are coming up nowadays like Hubert, Yellow, No. 1 Bent Street, The Paddington, Missy French(Lee ,Sardeshmukh and Hallak 2016). Each of the restaurants specializes in different types of foods. A lot of restaurant specializes in multi cusine food(Batra et al. 2013). The restaurants besides serving high quality food also take care of service and hospitality. There is great variety of food prepared by professional chiefs. Most of the restaurants are located along the Bay(Owens and Baqir 2014). A great view of the Sydney harbor can be obtained from the restaurants. This feature attracts a lot of tourists and vistors in the restaurants. The top restaurants like Rockpool, Circular Quay and Bennelong receive a lot of customers because of the location(Lee Sardeshmukh and Hallak 2016). These restaurants form one of the major sources of income in Sydney. A lot of people are employed in this industry .The new generation of the country is attracted towards this business. The students also take up subjects of hotel management and hospitality management to get employment in this industry. The industry has been making rapid growth in the current days(Williams 2014). The restaurants nowadays have adopted modern technology for its customers. New mobile app has been developed that helps to order food online. This has helped in the growth of both IT business and restaurant business(Owens and Baqir 2014). The setting up of restaurant business is easy in the city of Sydney. A few steps need to be followed to set up a small restaurant business in the city(Morrison, J.H., Bell, G. and Lee, A., 2013). One needs to find a proper location, made arrange for the required equipments and get necessary permissions to open restaurant businesss in the city. The growth of the business has helped in the employment of the larger section of the society thereby helping in economic development(Robertson 2016.). Variables and hypotheses: The variables involved in the research study are the number of restaurants in the city, number of people employed in the restaurants, prices of foods in such restaurants, number of customers in the restaurants. The variables like prices of foods in the restaurants determine the number of customers in the restaurant. Therefore, in this assignment, number of customers in the restaurants is taken as dependent variable and prices of foods as independent variable. The number of restaurant and number of people employed in the restaurant depends on number of people in the restaurant. The hypothesis involved in the study is as follows: H01: The restaurant business in the Sydney city has not made any change. H11: The restaurant business in the Sydney city has made a change. Operational definition and measurements: The problem in this research work is to determine the changes brought about in the restaurant business in the city of Sydney in the current year and the impact of such changes in the economy of the country. The changes brought about in the restaurant business are measured in terms of operating income or profit generated by the restaurants. A comparative study of few years figures will determine the changes brought about in the industry. The prices of foods are calculated in Australian Dollars. The number of peoples employed in the restaurants will be obtained from the owners or workers in the restaurants. The data is collected with the help of questionnaire. Research methodology and design: The research is carried out with the help of primary data. The primary data will be collected from various restaurants of the city. The data is collected with the help of research questionaire. The questionaire is to be given to the people employed in the restaurants. The restaurants in the city can be classified into two types- the restaurants that has been operating for long time like Rockpool bar and new coming restaurants like Hubert, Bolomo . There is a lot of restaurant in city. Restaurant in different parts of the city should be evenly covered. For this purpose, the entire city can be divided into several clusters according to regions and data can be collected from those clusters. In case of this research study, no constraints are being involved. The data collected will be analyzed with the help of various descriptive statistics measures such as measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. Regression analysis will help to estimate the dependence among the variables . A time series analysis will help to forecast the future values of the business. Methodology: Data collection: The data collected for the purpose of the research work is primary data. The data about prices of food, number of people working in the restaurants and cafes, number of customers per day in the restaurants, the average profit in the restaurant are available with the help of the questionaire. The city contains a number of restaurants. All the restaurants in the city should be evenly covered. For this purpose the city should be divided into different clusters according to region. The data will be collected with the help of cluster sampling. The regions represent the first stage cluster units and the restaurants in the regions second stage cluster units. This method of data collection is less time consuming and less costly. A better coverage could be achieved with the help of this method of data collection. Data analysis: The data so collected can be analyzed with the help of various data collection methods. The methods of descriptive statistics like the central tendency and dispersion methods can be used to determine the changes brought about in the restaurant and caf business. The differences in the average value and median value will indicate the changes brought about in the current periods. Regression analysis can be done to determine the dependence of various factors among themselves. A linear regression can be fitted by taking prices of food as independent variable and number of customers as dependent variable. A significant value of the regression coefficient will indicate that the prices of food determine the customers. On the other hand a value equivalent to zero will indicate the price of food has no effect on the number of customers. The number of people employed is dependent on number of customers. A separate regression line can be fitted for that. The prospect of the business can be measu red with the help of profit or operating income. A time series analysis of the figures of profit will determine the growth of the business. The future values of the business can be forecasted with the help of time series analysis of the profit figures. Conclusion: In this assignment, the growth of restaurant business in Sydney is being studied. An outline idea about the methods of data collection and analysis of the data is gien in this assignment. The possible interpretation of the results of the analysis is also given in the assignment. This assignment will help the people of the country and concerned authorities to take a deeper look into the restaurant business and take necessary steps to improve the condition of the business. This is one of the leading businesses in the city and employs a lot of people. Improvement of the business will form a major source of income in the city and thereby improving the condition of the economy. Referrences Alonso, A.D. and Krajsic, V., 2014. Cost management and small restaurant businesses: a complex balance and the role of management.International Journal of Revenue Management,8(1), pp.1-19. Batra, S., Cross, R., Gabler, N., Gerdes, A., Pedigo, S. and Zeng, Y., 2013. Greening the Built Environment in Dallas.Urban Sustainability Programs: Case Studies, p.35. Dalbor, M., Hua, N. and Andrew, W., 2014. Factors that Impact Unsystematic Risk in the US Restaurant Industry.The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management,22(2), pp.89-96. Duarte Alonso, A. and Krajsic, V., 2014. Cost management and small restaurant businesses: A complex balance and the role of management. Lee, C., Hallak, R. and Sardeshmukh, S.R., 2016. Drivers of success in independent restaurants: A study of the Australian restaurant sector.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,29, pp.99-111. Lee, C., Sardeshmukh, S.R. and Hallak, R., 2016. A qualitative study of innovation in the restaurant industry.Anatolia, pp.1-10. Moore, C., 2015. NO SOUP FOR YOU!. Morrison, J.H., Bell, G. and Lee, A., 2013. Chinese Migration To The Maritimes: The Early Years, 1890-1947.Journal of the Royal Nova Scotia Historical Society,16, p.69. Owens, E. and Baqir, N., 2014. An Interview With William C. Moreland: Operations Manager for Restaurant Systems Micros-Fidelio, Sydney, Australia.Journal of Global Information Technology Management,17(2), pp.139-143. Robertson, S., 2016. Student-workers and tourist-workers as urban labour: temporalities and identities in the Australian cosmopolitan city.Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, pp.1-17. Williams, E., 2014. Great places to do the deal over a good meal.Management Today, (Apr 2014), p.40. Yen, B.T., Burke, M., Ghafoor, M., Mulley, C. and Moutou, C., 2015, September. Do restaurant precincts need more parking? Differences in business perceptions and customer travel behaviour in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. InAustralasian Transport Research Forum (ATRF), 37th, 2015, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.